Soil Water Conservation Dynamics and Impact
Soil Water Conservation Dynamics and Impact
Source: https://www.mdpi.com
Edited by: Saskia Keesstra, Simone Di Prima, Mirko Castellini and Mario Pirastru
To meet the needs of the increasing world population is one of the major challenges of our time. At the same time, the high demands for food production have major impacts on soil and water resources. Scarcity of water has been universally recognized as a global issue. Moreover, climate change has profound effects on the hydrological cycle, thus, reducing the availability of water resources in many environments. Basic human needs like food and clean water are strictly related to the maintenance of healthy and productive soils.
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Irrigation is becoming an activity of precision, where combining information collected from various sources is necessary to optimally manage resources. New management strategies, such as big data techniques, sensors, artificial intelligence, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and new technologies in general, are becoming more relevant every day. As such, modeling techniques, both at the water distribution network and the farm levels, will be essential to gather information from various sources and offer useful recommendations for decision-making processes. In this book, 10 high quality papers were selected that cover a wide range of issues that are relevant to the different aspects related to irrigation management: water source and distribution network, plot irrigation systems, and crop water management.
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Water and Agriculture: Towards Sustainable Solutions
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Abstract
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The Green Side of the Water Cycle: New Advances in the Study of Plant Water Dynamics
Precision irrigation is becoming a crucial management approach for environmentally and
economically sustainable fruit tree production. The vast majority of fruit crops need irrigation
supply as rainfall does not match crop water requirements (Stöckle et al., 2011; Snyder, 2017).
In most cases of fruit crops cultivated in dry areas, rainfed agriculture is not sustainable and
deficit irrigation (DI) is a reasonable strategy to improve water use efficiency. Fereres and
Soriano (2007) highlighted the benefits of regulated DI as a strategy to reduce agricultural
water use. The main purpose of regulated DI is to reduce irrigation at specific developmental
stages of the crop with no or limited effects on yield. The use of DI in different phenological
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The Green Side of the Water Cycle: New Advances in the Study of Plant Water Dynamics
Precision irrigation is becoming a crucial management approach for environmentally and
economically sustainable fruit tree production. The vast majority of fruit crops need irrigation
supply as rainfall does not match crop water requirements (Stöckle et al., 2011; Snyder, 2017).
In most cases of fruit crops cultivated in dry areas, rainfed agriculture is not sustainable and
deficit irrigation (DI) is a reasonable strategy to improve water use efficiency. Fereres and
Soriano (2007) highlighted the benefits of regulated DI as a strategy to reduce agricultural
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stages of the crop with no or limited effects on yield. The use of DI in different phenological
stages of fruit crops started in the 1980s by Chalmers et al. (1981, 1986).
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supply for supplemental irrigation. Global water use for agriculture,.as a percentage of the total water
use,was 81.4% in 1900, 72.3% in 1950, 68.2% in 1975, and 56.7% in 2000. Global water use for urban
purposes (km 3/year) was 20 in 1900, 60 in 1950, 150 in 1975, and 440 in 2000. Similarly, global water
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supply for supplemental irrigation. Global water use for agriculture,.as a percentage of the total water
use,was 81.4% in 1900, 72.3% in 1950, 68.2% in 1975, and 56.7% in 2000. Global water use for urban
purposes (km 3/year) was 20 in 1900, 60 in 1950, 150 in 1975, and 440 in 2000. Similarly, global water
use (km 3/year) for industrial purposes was 30 in 1900, 190 in 1950, 630 in 1975, and 1900 in 2000
Availability of water for irrigation is also constrained by the diversion to fossil fuel production
and eutrophication/pollution of water resources. One liter of bioethanol production requires 3500L
of fresh water. Thus, there is a strong and prime need for conserving, recycling, and improving soil-
water resources to meet the food demands of the growing world population.
Soil Water and Agronomic Productivity
The need for an efficient use of soil water is.also enhanced by the lack of availability of freshwater
supply for supplemental irrigation. Global water use for agriculture,.as a percentage of the total water
use,was 81.4% in 1900, 72.3% in 1950, 68.2% in 1975, and 56.7% in 2000. Global water use for urban
purposes (km 3/year) was 20 in 1900, 60 in 1950, 150 in 1975, and 440 in 2000. Similarly, global water
use (km 3/year) for industrial purposes was 30 in 1900, 190 in 1950, 630 in 1975, and 1900 in 2000
Availability of water for irrigation is also constrained by the diversion to fossil fuel production
and eutrophication/pollution of water resources. One liter of bioethanol production requires 3500L
of fresh water. Thus, there is a strong and prime need for conserving, recycling, and improving soil-
water resources to meet the food demands of the growing world population.
supply for supplemental irrigation. Global water use for agriculture,.as a percentage of the total water
use,was 81.4% in 1900, 72.3% in 1950, 68.2% in 1975, and 56.7% in 2000. Global water use for urban
purposes (km 3/year) was 20 in 1900, 60 in 1950, 150 in 1975, and 440 in 2000. Similarly, global water
use (km 3/year) for industrial purposes was 30 in 1900, 190 in 1950, 630 in 1975, and 1900 in 2000
Availability of water for irrigation is also constrained by the diversion to fossil fuel production
and eutrophication/pollution of water resources. One liter of bioethanol production requires 3500L
of fresh water. Thus, there is a strong and prime need for conserving, recycling, and improving soil-
water resources to meet the food demands of the growing world population.
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This report describes the content and outcomes of a workshop entitled ‘Watering Floodplain Wetlands of the Murray–Darling Basin for Fish: A Discussion with Managers’ held on 5 March 2008 at Wonga Wetlands in Albury (NSW). The workshop was part of a four-year, National Water Commission funded project aimed at optimizing wetland environmental watering protocols to maximize benefits to native fish populations.
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In the last century, innovations in agricultural technologies centered on maximizing food production to feed the growing population have contributed to significant changes in agroecosystem processes, including carbon, nutrients, and water cycling. There are growing concerns regarding soil fertility depletion, soil carbon loss, greenhouse gas emissions, irrigational water scarcity, and water pollution, affecting soil health, agricultural productivity, systems sustainability, and environmental quality. Soils provide the foundation for food production, soil water and nutrient cycling, and soil biological activities. Therefore, an improved understanding of biochemical pathways of soil organic matter and nutrient cycling, microbial community involved in regulating soil health, and soil processes associated with water flow and retention in soil profile helps design better agricultural systems and ultimately support plant growth and productivity. This book, Agroecological Approaches in Soil and Water Management, presents a collection of original research and review papers studying physical, chemical, and biological processes in soils and discusses multiple ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, nutrients and water cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, and agro-environmental sustainability.
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