Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
Background
All people have the right to safe water and sanitation. In the urban areas in the Solomon Islands, access to improved water and sanitation was reported among 73% and 81% of the households, respectively (WASH 2015). But it is still a major challenge in rural communities where about 80% of the population live. Indeed, 54% of rural households had access to improved water source and only 13% of households had access to proper sanitation (WASH 2015). Open defecation is common. Hand-washing with soap after defecation or before eating or handling food, was only practised by 16% of the population (WASH 2015). Inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene contribute to the prevalence of infectious diseases such as diarrhoea, skin diseases and respiratory diseases. In 2018, poor access to water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) was the 7th highest cause of death in the Solomon Islands – this means that every week 4 - 5 people died from it. The aim of this guide is to equip healthy village facilitators with basic knowledge on WASH, enable them to collaborate with village leaders and provincial health programs to promote the use of safe water supply, build and use proper sanitation facilities and practice good basic hygiene to improve their health, dignity and wellbeing. Continuous improvement in WASH will not only reduce the impact of poor health and poverty but also promote economic and social development in the nation in a long run.
Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
Background
All people have the right to safe water and sanitation. In the urban areas in the Solomon Islands, access to improved water and sanitation was reported among 73% and 81% of the households, respectively (WASH 2015). But it is still a major challenge in rural communities where about 80% of the population live. Indeed, 54% of rural households had access to improved water source and only 13% of households had access to proper sanitation (WASH 2015). Open defecation is common. Hand-washing with soap after defecation or before eating or handling food, was only practised by 16% of the population (WASH 2015). Inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene contribute to the prevalence of infectious diseases such as diarrhoea, skin diseases and respiratory diseases. In 2018, poor access to water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) was the 7th highest cause of death in the Solomon Islands – this means that every week 4 - 5 people died from it. The aim of this guide is to equip healthy village facilitators with basic knowledge on WASH, enable them to collaborate with village leaders and provincial health programs to promote the use of safe water supply, build and use proper sanitation facilities and practice good basic hygiene to improve their health, dignity and wellbeing. Continuous improvement in WASH will not only reduce the impact of poor health and poverty but also promote economic and social development in the nation in a long run.
Water Supply, Water Treatment .
Purpose and scope.
This manual, intended for planners and design engineers, presents information on water quality standards and design criteria for water treatment processes. This manual also establishes criteria to be followed in determining the necessity for and the extent of treatment, and on procedures applicable to the planning of water treatment projects. This manual is applicable to all elements of the Army and Air Force responsible for the planning and design of military construction,Water treatment proiects. State health department, State water resource, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency personnel, as
appropriate, should be consulted in the early stages of project planning regarding supply sources and associated water treatment needs. In addition to the usual treatment that may be required to insure delivery of potable water, consideration will be given to the need for special treatment to protect pipelines, water heat,- ers, plumbing fixtures, and other equipment against scaling, corrosion, and staining, Because of the widely varying conditions and the many types of water, it is not possible to establish criteria for all cases of special water treatment. Treatment for prevention of scaling and corrosion may not be entirely effective; and in many cases a decision as to the necessity of special treatment cannot be reached prior to actual operating experiences. In general, special treatment will be provided only in cases where a study of water analyses and experience with the water definitely show that there will be severe corrosion of the water system or that severe scaling of hot-water heaters, storage tanks, and other parts of the plumbing system will occur. Marginal cases will be deferred and treatment provided only after operating experience determines treatment to be necessary.
Water Supply, Water Treatment .
Purpose and scope.
This manual, intended for planners and design engineers, presents information on water quality standards and design criteria for water treatment processes. This manual also establishes criteria to be followed in determining the necessity for and the extent of treatment, and on procedures applicable to the planning of water treatment projects. This manual is applicable to all elements of the Army and Air Force responsible for the planning and design of military construction,Water treatment proiects. State health department, State water resource, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency personnel, as
appropriate, should be consulted in the early stages of project planning regarding supply sources and associated water treatment needs. In addition to the usual treatment that may be required to insure delivery of potable water, consideration will be given to the need for special treatment to protect pipelines, water heat,- ers, plumbing fixtures, and other equipment against scaling, corrosion, and staining, Because of the widely varying conditions and the many types of water, it is not possible to establish criteria for all cases of special water treatment. Treatment for prevention of scaling and corrosion may not be entirely effective; and in many cases a decision as to the necessity of special treatment cannot be reached prior to actual operating experiences. In general, special treatment will be provided only in cases where a study of water analyses and experience with the water definitely show that there will be severe corrosion of the water system or that severe scaling of hot-water heaters, storage tanks, and other parts of the plumbing system will occur. Marginal cases will be deferred and treatment provided only after operating experience determines treatment to be necessary.
Sedimentation
Sedimentation is a treatment process in which suspended particles, like flocs, sand and clay are re-moved from the water. Sedimentation can take place naturally in reservoirs or in compact settling installations. Examples of settling installations are the horizontal flow settling tanks, the tilted plate settlers and the floc blanket installations.
Sedimentation
Sedimentation is a treatment process in which suspended particles, like flocs, sand and clay are re-moved from the water. Sedimentation can take place naturally in reservoirs or in compact settling installations. Examples of settling installations are the horizontal flow settling tanks, the tilted plate settlers and the floc blanket installations.
