A Case Studty Of The Zero Brine Project In The Netherlands
The water crisis is one of the most important global risks influencing humanity. Urbanization as well as economic, social and technological evolution have led to water overconsumption across the world and thus to water scarcity. Industry comprises one of the main water consumers along with agriculture and municipalities. At the same time, industry constitutes a significant water polluter since a large amount of its wastewater does not receive treatment prior to its disposal to the environment. One of the greatest sources of wastewater is brine effluent, a hypersaline concentrate created during the water treatment in the industries. Brine concentrate is linked with numerous negative environmental impacts such as the pollution of groundwater or the alteration of water’s properties. Furthermore, the treatment of brine before its disposal is costly and requires enhanced management solutions.
A Case Studty Of The Zero Brine Project In The Netherlands
The water crisis is one of the most important global risks influencing humanity. Urbanization as well as economic, social and technological evolution have led to water overconsumption across the world and thus to water scarcity. Industry comprises one of the main water consumers along with agriculture and municipalities. At the same time, industry constitutes a significant water polluter since a large amount of its wastewater does not receive treatment prior to its disposal to the environment. One of the greatest sources of wastewater is brine effluent, a hypersaline concentrate created during the water treatment in the industries. Brine concentrate is linked with numerous negative environmental impacts such as the pollution of groundwater or the alteration of water’s properties. Furthermore, the treatment of brine before its disposal is costly and requires enhanced management solutions.
Safe Drinking-water from Desalination
Desalination is increasingly being used to provide drinking-water under conditions of freshwater scarcity. Water scarcity is estimated to affect one in three people on every continent of the globe, and almost one fifth of the world’s population live in areas where water is physically scarce. This situation is expected to worsen as competing needs for water intensify along with population growth, urbanization, climate change impacts and increases in household and industrial uses.
Safe Drinking-water from Desalination
Desalination is increasingly being used to provide drinking-water under conditions of freshwater scarcity. Water scarcity is estimated to affect one in three people on every continent of the globe, and almost one fifth of the world’s population live in areas where water is physically scarce. This situation is expected to worsen as competing needs for water intensify along with population growth, urbanization, climate change impacts and increases in household and industrial uses.
Assessment, Optimization, And Enhancement Of Ultrafiltration (uf) Membrane Processes In Potable Water Treatment
This dissertation reports on research related to ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in drinking water applications. A pilot-scale investigation identified seasonal surface water quality impacts on UF performance and resulted in the development of a dynamic chemically enhanced backwash protocol for fouling management. Subsequent analysis of UF process data revealed limitations with the use of specific flux, transmembrane pressure (TMP), and other normalization techniques for assessing UF process fouling. A new TMP balance approach is presented that identifies the pressure contribution of membrane fouling and structural changes, enables direct process performance comparisons at different operating fluxes, and distinguishes between physically and chemically unresolved fouling. In addition to the TMP balance, a five component optimization approach is presented for the systematic improvement of UF processes on the basis of TMP variations. Terms are defined for assessing process event performance, a new process utilization
term is presented to benchmark UF productivity, and new measures for evaluating maintenance procedures are discussed. Using these tools, a correlation between process utilization and operating pressures was established and a sustainable process utilization of 93.5% was achieved. UF process capabilities may be further enhanced by pre-coating media onto the membrane surface. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) are evaluated as precoating materials, and the applicability of the TMP balance for assessing pre-coated membrane performance is demonstrated. The first use of SiO2 as a support layer for PAC in a membrane pre-coating application is presented at the laboratory-scale. SiO2-PAC pre-coatings successfully reduced physically unresolved fouling and enhanced UF membrane organics removal capabilities.
Assessment, Optimization, And Enhancement Of Ultrafiltration (uf) Membrane Processes In Potable Water Treatment
This dissertation reports on research related to ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in drinking water applications. A pilot-scale investigation identified seasonal surface water quality impacts on UF performance and resulted in the development of a dynamic chemically enhanced backwash protocol for fouling management. Subsequent analysis of UF process data revealed limitations with the use of specific flux, transmembrane pressure (TMP), and other normalization techniques for assessing UF process fouling. A new TMP balance approach is presented that identifies the pressure contribution of membrane fouling and structural changes, enables direct process performance comparisons at different operating fluxes, and distinguishes between physically and chemically unresolved fouling. In addition to the TMP balance, a five component optimization approach is presented for the systematic improvement of UF processes on the basis of TMP variations. Terms are defined for assessing process event performance, a new process utilization
term is presented to benchmark UF productivity, and new measures for evaluating maintenance procedures are discussed. Using these tools, a correlation between process utilization and operating pressures was established and a sustainable process utilization of 93.5% was achieved. UF process capabilities may be further enhanced by pre-coating media onto the membrane surface. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) are evaluated as precoating materials, and the applicability of the TMP balance for assessing pre-coated membrane performance is demonstrated. The first use of SiO2 as a support layer for PAC in a membrane pre-coating application is presented at the laboratory-scale. SiO2-PAC pre-coatings successfully reduced physically unresolved fouling and enhanced UF membrane organics removal capabilities.
Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 6
Safe drinking water is essential to sustain life. Therefore, every effort needs to be taken to ensure that drinking water suppliers provide consumers with water that is safe to use. The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (the ADWG) are intended to provide a framework for good management of drinking water supplies that, if implemented, will assure safety at point of use. The ADWG have been developed after consideration of the best available scientific evidence. They are designed to provide an authoritative reference on what defines safe, good quality water, how it can be achieved and how it can be assured. They are concerned both with safety from a health point of view and with aesthetic quality. The ADWG are not mandatory standards, however, they provide a basis for determining the quality of water to be supplied to consumers in all parts of Australia. These determinations need to consider the
diverse array of regional or local factors, and take into account economic, political and cultural issues, including customer expectations and willingness and ability to pay. The ADWG are intended for use by the Australian community and all agencies with responsibilities associated with the supply of drinking water, including catchment and water resource managers, drinking water suppliers, water regulators and health authorities.
Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 6
Safe drinking water is essential to sustain life. Therefore, every effort needs to be taken to ensure that drinking water suppliers provide consumers with water that is safe to use. The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (the ADWG) are intended to provide a framework for good management of drinking water supplies that, if implemented, will assure safety at point of use. The ADWG have been developed after consideration of the best available scientific evidence. They are designed to provide an authoritative reference on what defines safe, good quality water, how it can be achieved and how it can be assured. They are concerned both with safety from a health point of view and with aesthetic quality. The ADWG are not mandatory standards, however, they provide a basis for determining the quality of water to be supplied to consumers in all parts of Australia. These determinations need to consider the
diverse array of regional or local factors, and take into account economic, political and cultural issues, including customer expectations and willingness and ability to pay. The ADWG are intended for use by the Australian community and all agencies with responsibilities associated with the supply of drinking water, including catchment and water resource managers, drinking water suppliers, water regulators and health authorities.
Module 18: Bag Filtration and Cartridge Filtration
As a result of this unit, the learner will:
• Be introduced to the principal similarities of and differences between bag filters and cartridge filters.
• Be able to identify the two major applications and two major limitations of both bag filtration and cartridge filtration.
Module 18: Bag Filtration and Cartridge Filtration
As a result of this unit, the learner will:
• Be introduced to the principal similarities of and differences between bag filters and cartridge filters.
• Be able to identify the two major applications and two major limitations of both bag filtration and cartridge filtration.
