Smart, Sustainable, Green Cities: A State-of-the-Art Review
Abstract: This state-of-the-art review paper aims to provide an overview of the current research on three categories of liveable cities, Smart, Sustainable, and Green (SSG). It explores how the discussions about these three categories have been brought together in the literature and identifies an integrated approach to developing more liveable cities of the future. The paper begins by introducing the research topic and methodology, setting out a broad definition for SSG cities as a starting point.
Smart, Sustainable, Green Cities: A State-of-the-Art Review
Abstract: This state-of-the-art review paper aims to provide an overview of the current research on three categories of liveable cities, Smart, Sustainable, and Green (SSG). It explores how the discussions about these three categories have been brought together in the literature and identifies an integrated approach to developing more liveable cities of the future. The paper begins by introducing the research topic and methodology, setting out a broad definition for SSG cities as a starting point.
Sustainable Buildings
The engineering and construction (E&C) industry is focusing on sustainable development and energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Globally, the built environment accounts for 39% of gross annual carbon emissions.1 This includes operational carbon — the ongoing carbon emissions from day-to-day use and embodied carbon — all the carbon emitted in producing, transporting, and disposing of construction materials.
The pursuit of net-zero emissions is placing pressure on E&C companies and suppliers to lower the carbon footprint of new and retrofit construction. According to a survey by Dodge Construction Network, over 90% of U.S. E&C companies receive requests from customers to lower the amount of embodied carbon used in construction projects.
Sustainable Buildings
The engineering and construction (E&C) industry is focusing on sustainable development and energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Globally, the built environment accounts for 39% of gross annual carbon emissions.1 This includes operational carbon — the ongoing carbon emissions from day-to-day use and embodied carbon — all the carbon emitted in producing, transporting, and disposing of construction materials.
The pursuit of net-zero emissions is placing pressure on E&C companies and suppliers to lower the carbon footprint of new and retrofit construction. According to a survey by Dodge Construction Network, over 90% of U.S. E&C companies receive requests from customers to lower the amount of embodied carbon used in construction projects.
Green Building Overview and Issues
Buildings, whether residential, commercial, government, or special-use, are core components of the nation’s infrastructure. Their construction, operation, and demolition are increasingly recognized as major sources of environmental impact. Without significant transformation of building construction and operations, that impact is expected to increase with population growth and changes in other demographic and economic factors. One strategy for achieving that transformation is most widely known by the term green building.
In general, green building can be characterized as integrated building practices that significantly reduce the environmental footprint of a building in comparison to standard practices. Descriptions of green building generally focus on a number of common elements, especially siting, energy, water, materials, waste, and health. Serviceability or utility is also an explicit design element for a class of green buildings known as high-performance buildings.
Green Building Overview and Issues
Buildings, whether residential, commercial, government, or special-use, are core components of the nation’s infrastructure. Their construction, operation, and demolition are increasingly recognized as major sources of environmental impact. Without significant transformation of building construction and operations, that impact is expected to increase with population growth and changes in other demographic and economic factors. One strategy for achieving that transformation is most widely known by the term green building.
In general, green building can be characterized as integrated building practices that significantly reduce the environmental footprint of a building in comparison to standard practices. Descriptions of green building generally focus on a number of common elements, especially siting, energy, water, materials, waste, and health. Serviceability or utility is also an explicit design element for a class of green buildings known as high-performance buildings.
Handbook Of Sustainable Building Policies
UNEP’s longstanding efforts to promote sustainable building approaches and policies have recently focused on the development of a practical decision support pack to aid policy makers and experts in developing countries. The objective of the Sustainable Building Policies in Developing Countries (SPoD) project is to enable authorities at national and local levels to analyse existing policies affecting the building sector, and to identify packages of policy instruments for sustainable buildings, which can be adapted to local conditions.
Handbook Of Sustainable Building Policies
UNEP’s longstanding efforts to promote sustainable building approaches and policies have recently focused on the development of a practical decision support pack to aid policy makers and experts in developing countries. The objective of the Sustainable Building Policies in Developing Countries (SPoD) project is to enable authorities at national and local levels to analyse existing policies affecting the building sector, and to identify packages of policy instruments for sustainable buildings, which can be adapted to local conditions.