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Soil Water Flow And Irrigated Soil Water Balance In Response To Powder River Basin Coalbed Methane Product Water
In the soil columns experiment, A and B horizon materials from sandy loam, silt loam, and clay loam soils were pre-treated with water having salinity and sodicity typical of PRB CBM water or of Powder River (PR) water currently used for irrigation in the basin. Tension infiltrometer measurements were used to determine infiltration flux, first using pre-treatment water, and subsequently deionized (DI) water, simulating rainwater. Measurements were compared by pre-treatment water, horizon, and soil type. Under pre-treatment water testing, the sandy loam and clay loam soils pre-treated with CBM water exhibited smaller infiltration flux values than when pre-treated with PR water. Only the sandy loam soil showed a greater decrease in infiltration flux with DI water on soils pre-treated with CBM relative to PR water pre-treated soils. There was no difference in infiltration flux decrease with DI water between A and B horizon soils, or between smectite and non-smectite soils.
Soil Water Flow And Irrigated Soil Water Balance In Response To Powder River Basin Coalbed Methane Product Water
In the soil columns experiment, A and B horizon materials from sandy loam, silt loam, and clay loam soils were pre-treated with water having salinity and sodicity typical of PRB CBM water or of Powder River (PR) water currently used for irrigation in the basin. Tension infiltrometer measurements were used to determine infiltration flux, first using pre-treatment water, and subsequently deionized (DI) water, simulating rainwater. Measurements were compared by pre-treatment water, horizon, and soil type. Under pre-treatment water testing, the sandy loam and clay loam soils pre-treated with CBM water exhibited smaller infiltration flux values than when pre-treated with PR water. Only the sandy loam soil showed a greater decrease in infiltration flux with DI water on soils pre-treated with CBM relative to PR water pre-treated soils. There was no difference in infiltration flux decrease with DI water between A and B horizon soils, or between smectite and non-smectite soils.
Soil Water and Agronomic Productivity
The need for an efficient use of soil water is.also enhanced by the lack of availability of freshwater
supply for supplemental irrigation. Global water use for agriculture,.as a percentage of the total water
use,was 81.4% in 1900, 72.3% in 1950, 68.2% in 1975, and 56.7% in 2000. Global water use for urban
purposes (km 3/year) was 20 in 1900, 60 in 1950, 150 in 1975, and 440 in 2000. Similarly, global water
use (km 3/year) for industrial purposes was 30 in 1900, 190 in 1950, 630 in 1975, and 1900 in 2000
Availability of water for irrigation is also constrained by the diversion to fossil fuel production
and eutrophication/pollution of water resources. One liter of bioethanol production requires 3500L
of fresh water. Thus, there is a strong and prime need for conserving, recycling, and improving soil-
water resources to meet the food demands of the growing world population.
supply for supplemental irrigation. Global water use for agriculture,.as a percentage of the total water
use,was 81.4% in 1900, 72.3% in 1950, 68.2% in 1975, and 56.7% in 2000. Global water use for urban
purposes (km 3/year) was 20 in 1900, 60 in 1950, 150 in 1975, and 440 in 2000. Similarly, global water
use (km 3/year) for industrial purposes was 30 in 1900, 190 in 1950, 630 in 1975, and 1900 in 2000
Availability of water for irrigation is also constrained by the diversion to fossil fuel production
and eutrophication/pollution of water resources. One liter of bioethanol production requires 3500L
of fresh water. Thus, there is a strong and prime need for conserving, recycling, and improving soil-
water resources to meet the food demands of the growing world population.
Soil Water and Agronomic Productivity
The need for an efficient use of soil water is.also enhanced by the lack of availability of freshwater
supply for supplemental irrigation. Global water use for agriculture,.as a percentage of the total water
use,was 81.4% in 1900, 72.3% in 1950, 68.2% in 1975, and 56.7% in 2000. Global water use for urban
purposes (km 3/year) was 20 in 1900, 60 in 1950, 150 in 1975, and 440 in 2000. Similarly, global water
use (km 3/year) for industrial purposes was 30 in 1900, 190 in 1950, 630 in 1975, and 1900 in 2000
Availability of water for irrigation is also constrained by the diversion to fossil fuel production
and eutrophication/pollution of water resources. One liter of bioethanol production requires 3500L
of fresh water. Thus, there is a strong and prime need for conserving, recycling, and improving soil-
water resources to meet the food demands of the growing world population.
supply for supplemental irrigation. Global water use for agriculture,.as a percentage of the total water
use,was 81.4% in 1900, 72.3% in 1950, 68.2% in 1975, and 56.7% in 2000. Global water use for urban
purposes (km 3/year) was 20 in 1900, 60 in 1950, 150 in 1975, and 440 in 2000. Similarly, global water
use (km 3/year) for industrial purposes was 30 in 1900, 190 in 1950, 630 in 1975, and 1900 in 2000
Availability of water for irrigation is also constrained by the diversion to fossil fuel production
and eutrophication/pollution of water resources. One liter of bioethanol production requires 3500L
of fresh water. Thus, there is a strong and prime need for conserving, recycling, and improving soil-
water resources to meet the food demands of the growing world population.
The Green Side of the Water Cycle: New Advances in the Study of Plant Water Dynamics
Precision irrigation is becoming a crucial management approach for environmentally and
economically sustainable fruit tree production. The vast majority of fruit crops need irrigation
supply as rainfall does not match crop water requirements (Stöckle et al., 2011; Snyder, 2017).
In most cases of fruit crops cultivated in dry areas, rainfed agriculture is not sustainable and
deficit irrigation (DI) is a reasonable strategy to improve water use efficiency. Fereres and
Soriano (2007) highlighted the benefits of regulated DI as a strategy to reduce agricultural
water use. The main purpose of regulated DI is to reduce irrigation at specific developmental
stages of the crop with no or limited effects on yield. The use of DI in different phenological
stages of fruit crops started in the 1980s by Chalmers et al. (1981, 1986).
The Green Side of the Water Cycle: New Advances in the Study of Plant Water Dynamics
Precision irrigation is becoming a crucial management approach for environmentally and
economically sustainable fruit tree production. The vast majority of fruit crops need irrigation
supply as rainfall does not match crop water requirements (Stöckle et al., 2011; Snyder, 2017).
In most cases of fruit crops cultivated in dry areas, rainfed agriculture is not sustainable and
deficit irrigation (DI) is a reasonable strategy to improve water use efficiency. Fereres and
Soriano (2007) highlighted the benefits of regulated DI as a strategy to reduce agricultural
water use. The main purpose of regulated DI is to reduce irrigation at specific developmental
stages of the crop with no or limited effects on yield. The use of DI in different phenological
stages of fruit crops started in the 1980s by Chalmers et al. (1981, 1986).
Standards For Landscape Irrigation Systems
Introduction:
The following Standards for Landscape Irrigation Systems replace the previous publication of March 1997. They have been developed by the Irrigation Industry Association of British Columbia to reflect the current minimum Standards for the industry and to provide guidance to its members as a benchmark for their performance. The principles embodied in these Standards apply to all landscape irrigation systems but the special circumstances of some owners or installations may require the development of more customized specifications related to the project. The use of these Standards is intended to encourage efficient and responsible water management and result in irrigation systems that are economical, practical, and sustainable. Owners, designers, and installers of these systems are responsible for the use of a precious and finite resource to maintain healthy and functional landscapes. Accepted industry practice reflects these goals. The Irrigation Industry Association of British Columbia accepts no liability arising from the use of these Standards in contractual relationships between parties to an irrigation project.
Standards For Landscape Irrigation Systems
Introduction:
The following Standards for Landscape Irrigation Systems replace the previous publication of March 1997. They have been developed by the Irrigation Industry Association of British Columbia to reflect the current minimum Standards for the industry and to provide guidance to its members as a benchmark for their performance. The principles embodied in these Standards apply to all landscape irrigation systems but the special circumstances of some owners or installations may require the development of more customized specifications related to the project. The use of these Standards is intended to encourage efficient and responsible water management and result in irrigation systems that are economical, practical, and sustainable. Owners, designers, and installers of these systems are responsible for the use of a precious and finite resource to maintain healthy and functional landscapes. Accepted industry practice reflects these goals. The Irrigation Industry Association of British Columbia accepts no liability arising from the use of these Standards in contractual relationships between parties to an irrigation project.
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