Agroforestry: A Primer – Design And Management Principles For People And The Environment

Sour water units are integral units in the refineries Proposed vapor compression design offers: Hot utilities reduction of 90%, Cold utilities reduction of 22%, TAC reduction by 52%.

Heavy metals are a group of metals and metalloids that includes transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. When released into water, these elements have toxic effects on water quality and surface sediments, affecting environmental parameters such as pH and temperature. Therefore, metals that are harmful to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems pose a significant threat to plants, animals, and human health. As such, there is increased interest in mitigating the harmful environmental impacts of heavy metals. This book provides a comprehensive overview of heavy metals, their impacts on water, soil, food crops, and cosmetics, and techniques for their remediation. It is organized into three sections: “Heavy Metals and Their Effects on the Environment,” “Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Their Risks to Irrigation Water,” and “Remediation of Heavy Metals.

The major aims of this book, “Watershed Water Environment and Hydrology under the Influence of Anthropogenic and Natural Processes”, are to focus on innovative/new ideas on the watershed water environment from different perspectives across the field; distinguish the evolution of watershed water ecological and environmental quality; clarify the biogeochemical cycling of elements or pollutants; identify and quantify the sources of pollutants; and assess the ecological risk and human health risk of pollutants in the water environment at different watershed scales. In particular, eight peer-reviewed articles were collected, mainly reporting the hydrochemistry-based watershed weathering processes and their environmental implications, trace elements and their risks, and the nutrients cycle in river–reservoir systems. Overall, these papers contribute to several aspects of the watershed water environment and are valuable for river water resource protection and management.

The goal of this Research Topic on streams as indicators for CZ structure and function is to explore linkages between biotic and abiotic weathering, soil biogeochemical processes, chemical and physical denudation and hydrology within the CZ. The CZ spans from the top of the vegetative canopy to the actively cycled groundwater providing life sustaining ecosystem services. However, rapid population growth and global climate change during the Anthropocene poses challenges to the Earth’s CZ which is pushed to balance increased demand (e.g. crop yield) while maintaining the CZ’s natural structure and other important ecosystem functions. Streams represent an integrator of many processes within the CZ and can thus carry the first signals of changing CZ health. As an important component of the CZ system, streams provide important information on hydrological, biogeochemical, and denudation fluxes, allowing a glimpse into the past, present and potential future of CZ function. The foci of recent stream water investigations include the role of catchment processes, riparian zone dynamics, hyporheic zone contributions and instream cycling to investigate nutrient dynamics, weathering and denudation, and hydrological partitioning. We now would like to expand this view conceptually to include the CZ.