Laboratory & Water Quality
Analysis of Wastewater for Use in Agriculture – A Laboratory Manual of Parasitological and Bacteriological Techniques
Credit to: https://apps.who.int/
Introduction:
The use of wastewater for crop irrigation is becoming increasingly common, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Crop yields are higher as the wastewater contains not only water for crop growth, but also plant nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus). However, there is the risk that wastewater irrigation may facilitate the transmission of excreta-related diseases. In the late 1980s, the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the International Reference Centre for Waste Disposal sponsored a series of studies and meetings of experts to examine these health risks (International Reference Centre for Waste Disposal, 1985; Shuval et al., 1986; Prost, 1988; World Health Organization, 1989). From an appraisal of the available epidemiological evidence, it was established that the major risks were: the transmission of intestinal nematode infections both to those working in the waste-water irrigated fields and to those consuming vegetables grown in the fields; these infections are due to Ascaris lumbricoides (the human roundworm), Trichuris trichiura (the human whipworm), and Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (the human hookworms); and- the transmission of faecal bacterial diseases – bacterial diarrhoea and dysentery, typhoid and cholera – to the crop consumers.
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Reproduction
This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme.
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Reproduction
This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme.
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Abstract
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