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An Energy-Efficient and Sustainable, Microbial Electrolysis- Deionization System for Salt and Organics Removal
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) received funding from the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) in September 2013 to investigate a novel salt and organic removal technology. Using microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) technology and salt removal via capacitive deionization (CDI) to remove organic compounds present in produced water was investigated. This project was conducted in collaboration with CAP Holdings Company (CHC), which provided expertise in CDI technology. Converting soluble organic compounds via MEC was coupled to salt removal via CDI, providing a proof of principle for synergistic salt and organic removal. Hydrogen was generated by MEC from organic compounds and used to produce renewable electricity via a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell , which was then used to power the CDI cell to achieve deionization.
An Energy-Efficient and Sustainable, Microbial Electrolysis- Deionization System for Salt and Organics Removal
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) received funding from the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) in September 2013 to investigate a novel salt and organic removal technology. Using microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) technology and salt removal via capacitive deionization (CDI) to remove organic compounds present in produced water was investigated. This project was conducted in collaboration with CAP Holdings Company (CHC), which provided expertise in CDI technology. Converting soluble organic compounds via MEC was coupled to salt removal via CDI, providing a proof of principle for synergistic salt and organic removal. Hydrogen was generated by MEC from organic compounds and used to produce renewable electricity via a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell , which was then used to power the CDI cell to achieve deionization.
Advancing Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Panchayats
Access to safe drinking water is critical to survival, and its deprivation could affect the health, food security, and livelihoods of human beings. India achieved 93% coverage of access to improved water supply in rural areas in 2015 towards fulfilling its commitment under the Millennium Development Goal1. However, with reference to safely managed drinking water (improved water supply located on-premises, available when needed and free of contamination) as per Sustainable Development Goal, India still has major targets to achieve, and is geared up to accomplish the same by the end of 2024. With the shift from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) less than half of the total rural households in the country have access to safely managed drinking water (improved water supply located on-premises, available when needed and free of contamination).
Advancing Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Panchayats
Access to safe drinking water is critical to survival, and its deprivation could affect the health, food security, and livelihoods of human beings. India achieved 93% coverage of access to improved water supply in rural areas in 2015 towards fulfilling its commitment under the Millennium Development Goal1. However, with reference to safely managed drinking water (improved water supply located on-premises, available when needed and free of contamination) as per Sustainable Development Goal, India still has major targets to achieve, and is geared up to accomplish the same by the end of 2024. With the shift from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) less than half of the total rural households in the country have access to safely managed drinking water (improved water supply located on-premises, available when needed and free of contamination).
An Integrated Photoelectrochemical Zero Liquid Discharge System for Inland Brackish Water Desalination
Surging population, energy demands, and climate change will push us, ever more urgently, to find new approaches to meet growing water demands. Most often, this will involve harvesting lower quality or impaired water supplies (e.g., seawater or brackish groundwater) as a source for drinking water. Recently desalination using membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis [RO], electrodialysis [ED], and nanofiltration [NF]) has shown promise for providing additional sources of fresh water across the United States. However, the current membrane separation processes are commonly energy intensive and produce large volumes of concentrated brine which poses unique challenges. Particularly in land-locked urban center brine disposal often relyes on surface water discharge or deep-well injection which pose economic and practical difficulties for wide-spread adoption of such technologies. Thus, there is an urgent need for energy-efficient desalination technologies that reduce the amount of concentrate produced, or identify cost-effective solutions for concentrate management.
An Integrated Photoelectrochemical Zero Liquid Discharge System for Inland Brackish Water Desalination
Surging population, energy demands, and climate change will push us, ever more urgently, to find new approaches to meet growing water demands. Most often, this will involve harvesting lower quality or impaired water supplies (e.g., seawater or brackish groundwater) as a source for drinking water. Recently desalination using membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis [RO], electrodialysis [ED], and nanofiltration [NF]) has shown promise for providing additional sources of fresh water across the United States. However, the current membrane separation processes are commonly energy intensive and produce large volumes of concentrated brine which poses unique challenges. Particularly in land-locked urban center brine disposal often relyes on surface water discharge or deep-well injection which pose economic and practical difficulties for wide-spread adoption of such technologies. Thus, there is an urgent need for energy-efficient desalination technologies that reduce the amount of concentrate produced, or identify cost-effective solutions for concentrate management.
Package Plants For Drinking Water Treatment
In efforts to make package plants more compact, affordable and easier to operate and maintain, it has been noted that the design and performance of some of these plants containing conventional treatment processes is sometimes compromised if technical expertise in this regard is lacking. Generally, there are several risks associated with poorly designed treatment systems, including loss of production, poor safety and compromised equipment and process unit efficiency with associated higher operating and maintenance costs. These risks have more severe consequences in the case of desalination (including water reclamation and water re-use) package plants. The objective of this project is to develop a set of guidelines to assist municipalities, water treatment practitioners, designers and package plant manufacturers in the specification and design of appropriate unit processes and operating parameters to fit the influent water quality, operating environment and other special treatment requirements.
Package Plants For Drinking Water Treatment
In efforts to make package plants more compact, affordable and easier to operate and maintain, it has been noted that the design and performance of some of these plants containing conventional treatment processes is sometimes compromised if technical expertise in this regard is lacking. Generally, there are several risks associated with poorly designed treatment systems, including loss of production, poor safety and compromised equipment and process unit efficiency with associated higher operating and maintenance costs. These risks have more severe consequences in the case of desalination (including water reclamation and water re-use) package plants. The objective of this project is to develop a set of guidelines to assist municipalities, water treatment practitioners, designers and package plant manufacturers in the specification and design of appropriate unit processes and operating parameters to fit the influent water quality, operating environment and other special treatment requirements.
Appropriate Technologies For Drinking Water Treatment In Mediterranean Countries
This paper aims at analyzing the drinking water issue in the Mediterranean region, highlighting the principal problems and the appropriate technologies applicable in the different countries. The countries of this area are characterized by a huge variety from social, cultural, economic and environmental point of view. In particular, water distribution is inhomogeneous between the North, East, and South; even the type of water sources and the related quantity and quality problems differ country by country. Potable water comes from brackish and seawater, surface water, groundwater and water reservoirs with each source face different issues. The main problem of brackish and seawater for example is the high salinity and the contamination by disinfection byproducts, in addition to the microbiological and chemical contamination due to human activities that characterize also other surface water sources. Groundwater is also affected by human activity and it is not exempted from salinity because of the water intrusion. Moreover, water reservoirs are often contaminated by seasonal algal blooms. Technologies applied for drinking water treatment vary country by country. The paper presents the main treatment processes
associated with the main water pollutants, according to the Mediterranean region. Case studies of drinking water treatment plants are also analyzed, presenting alternative technologies appropriate for specific contexts, among others. The characteristics of each specific context should be carefully analyzed in order to develop the most appropriate technologies; high-end technologies for drinking water treatment may not be applied equally to all countries or communities of the Mediterranean region.
Appropriate Technologies For Drinking Water Treatment In Mediterranean Countries
This paper aims at analyzing the drinking water issue in the Mediterranean region, highlighting the principal problems and the appropriate technologies applicable in the different countries. The countries of this area are characterized by a huge variety from social, cultural, economic and environmental point of view. In particular, water distribution is inhomogeneous between the North, East, and South; even the type of water sources and the related quantity and quality problems differ country by country. Potable water comes from brackish and seawater, surface water, groundwater and water reservoirs with each source face different issues. The main problem of brackish and seawater for example is the high salinity and the contamination by disinfection byproducts, in addition to the microbiological and chemical contamination due to human activities that characterize also other surface water sources. Groundwater is also affected by human activity and it is not exempted from salinity because of the water intrusion. Moreover, water reservoirs are often contaminated by seasonal algal blooms. Technologies applied for drinking water treatment vary country by country. The paper presents the main treatment processes
associated with the main water pollutants, according to the Mediterranean region. Case studies of drinking water treatment plants are also analyzed, presenting alternative technologies appropriate for specific contexts, among others. The characteristics of each specific context should be carefully analyzed in order to develop the most appropriate technologies; high-end technologies for drinking water treatment may not be applied equally to all countries or communities of the Mediterranean region.
Application of Water Quality Index and Water Suitability for Drinking of the Euphrates River within Al-Anbar Province, Iraq
In this study water quality was indicated in terms of Water Quality Index that was determined through summarizing multiple parameters of water test results. This index offers a useful representation of the overall quality of water for public or any intended use as well as indicating pollution, which are useful in water quality management and decision making. The application of Water Quality Index (WQI) with ten physicochemical water quality parameters was performed to evaluate the quality of Euphrates River water for drinking usage. This was done by subjecting the water samples collected from seven stations within Al-Anbar province during the period 2004-2010 to comprehensive physicochemical analysis.
Application of Water Quality Index and Water Suitability for Drinking of the Euphrates River within Al-Anbar Province, Iraq
In this study water quality was indicated in terms of Water Quality Index that was determined through summarizing multiple parameters of water test results. This index offers a useful representation of the overall quality of water for public or any intended use as well as indicating pollution, which are useful in water quality management and decision making. The application of Water Quality Index (WQI) with ten physicochemical water quality parameters was performed to evaluate the quality of Euphrates River water for drinking usage. This was done by subjecting the water samples collected from seven stations within Al-Anbar province during the period 2004-2010 to comprehensive physicochemical analysis.
A Study on the Introduction of Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Water Treatment Process
Today, we stand in front of a huge wave of change named the "Fourth industrial revolution." Key technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution include artificial intelligence, the Internet of Thing (IoT), cloud computing, big data analysis, etc. These technologies will lead to an intelligent information society, and platform services will change every aspect of society from economic and work. This paper proposes several introductions of Artificial Intelligence Technology to improve water management.
A Study on the Introduction of Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Water Treatment Process
Today, we stand in front of a huge wave of change named the "Fourth industrial revolution." Key technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution include artificial intelligence, the Internet of Thing (IoT), cloud computing, big data analysis, etc. These technologies will lead to an intelligent information society, and platform services will change every aspect of society from economic and work. This paper proposes several introductions of Artificial Intelligence Technology to improve water management.
Introduction to Water Treatment
This is an introduction to water treatment systems and technology. It is not a design manual or an exhaustive treatise. It is intended for engineers who are not regularly involved in water treatment projects, but who are interested in learning some of the basics involved. Criteria to be followed in determining the necessity for and the extent of treatment are discussed here, as are procedures applicable to the planning of water treatment projects.
Introduction to Water Treatment
This is an introduction to water treatment systems and technology. It is not a design manual or an exhaustive treatise. It is intended for engineers who are not regularly involved in water treatment projects, but who are interested in learning some of the basics involved. Criteria to be followed in determining the necessity for and the extent of treatment are discussed here, as are procedures applicable to the planning of water treatment projects.
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