Calibration Technology

Introduction: Every measuring instrument is subject to ageing as a result of mechanical, chemical or thermal stress and thus delivers measured values that change over time. This cannot be prevented, but it can be detected in good time by calibration. The Egyptians already knew this almost 5000 years ago. The workers calibrated their yard sticks by comparing them with a “royal cubit” (approx. 52.36 cm) made of stone and thus managed to achieve, for example, side lengths on the Cheops pyramid of 230.33 m which differ from each other by only about 0.05 per cent. In the process of calibration, the displayed value of the measuring instrument is compared with the measuring result of a different measuring device which is known to function correctly and accurately and which itself has been made to coincide directly or indirectly with a national (or international) reference instrument (standard) (Fig. 1). One talks about verification when the calibration has been carried out or supervised by an official body. Both of these variants are purely intended for determining the quality of the displayed values. No intervention to the measuring instrument itself is allowed. With adjustment, it is understood that there is an intervention to the measuring device in order to minimise a detected measuring deviation. Typically, adjustment is followed by a further calibration, in order to check and document the final state of the measuring instrument following the intervention. In contrast to verification, which will lose its validity after a period of time set by law, the validity period of a calibration is subject to practical specifications0.

Quick View

New Trends Technologies

Calibration Technology

Introduction: Every measuring instrument is subject to ageing as a result of mechanical, chemical or thermal stress and thus delivers measured values that change over time. This cannot be prevented, but it can be detected in good time by calibration. The Egyptians already knew this almost 5000 years ago. The workers calibrated their yard sticks by comparing them with a “royal cubit” (approx. 52.36 cm) made of stone and thus managed to achieve, for example, side lengths on the Cheops pyramid of 230.33 m which differ from each other by only about 0.05 per cent. In the process of calibration, the displayed value of the measuring instrument is compared with the measuring result of a different measuring device which is known to function correctly and accurately and which itself has been made to coincide directly or indirectly with a national (or international) reference instrument (standard) (Fig. 1). One talks about verification when the calibration has been carried out or supervised by an official body. Both of these variants are purely intended for determining the quality of the displayed values. No intervention to the measuring instrument itself is allowed. With adjustment, it is understood that there is an intervention to the measuring device in order to minimise a detected measuring deviation. Typically, adjustment is followed by a further calibration, in order to check and document the final state of the measuring instrument following the intervention. In contrast to verification, which will lose its validity after a period of time set by law, the validity period of a calibration is subject to practical specifications0.

New Trends Technologies

Trends and Perspectives In Industrial Water Treatment

Introduction Water is vital for industry, both at the national and at the international level. The water technology of the industrial sector differs fundamentally from that of the municipal sector as a function of the specific needs of each sector. In the industrial sector, these requirements vary strongly between industries and locations so that standardized solutions are not possible (cf. Fig. 1). Rather, the different needs call for a combination of methodical/technical know-how and customized process technology. In view of the close interaction between production and water technology, integrative technologies and management systems are called for. An integrated, sustainable industrial water management curbs the dependency on natural water resources and other influencing factors such as energy or the regulatory framework. It is therefore not only relevant for the domestic market, but also boosts the export of technologies, equipment, engineering and other services and enhances the competitiveness of German companies in the international markets. The Process Net Subject Division “Production-integrated Water and Waste Water Technology” examines the state of-the-art of science and technology and new perspectives in the field of production-integrated (waste) water treatment. The division’s aim is to integrate the industrial utilization of water into the entire water economy with consideration of sociological effects and to consistently improve its ecological and economic efficiency. The Subject Division offers a forum for the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas and experiences among experts from industrial production, process development, environmental technology, plant engineering and construction as well as from engineering contractors, associations and the relevant authorities. In the process, new needs for R&D and application are identified and the technology transfer from scientific research to commercial implementation is promoted. r aus der Wissenschaft in die industrielle Praxis gefördert.

Quick View

New Trends Technologies

Trends and Perspectives In Industrial Water Treatment

Introduction Water is vital for industry, both at the national and at the international level. The water technology of the industrial sector differs fundamentally from that of the municipal sector as a function of the specific needs of each sector. In the industrial sector, these requirements vary strongly between industries and locations so that standardized solutions are not possible (cf. Fig. 1). Rather, the different needs call for a combination of methodical/technical know-how and customized process technology. In view of the close interaction between production and water technology, integrative technologies and management systems are called for. An integrated, sustainable industrial water management curbs the dependency on natural water resources and other influencing factors such as energy or the regulatory framework. It is therefore not only relevant for the domestic market, but also boosts the export of technologies, equipment, engineering and other services and enhances the competitiveness of German companies in the international markets. The Process Net Subject Division “Production-integrated Water and Waste Water Technology” examines the state of-the-art of science and technology and new perspectives in the field of production-integrated (waste) water treatment. The division’s aim is to integrate the industrial utilization of water into the entire water economy with consideration of sociological effects and to consistently improve its ecological and economic efficiency. The Subject Division offers a forum for the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas and experiences among experts from industrial production, process development, environmental technology, plant engineering and construction as well as from engineering contractors, associations and the relevant authorities. In the process, new needs for R&D and application are identified and the technology transfer from scientific research to commercial implementation is promoted. r aus der Wissenschaft in die industrielle Praxis gefördert.