Chapter Two Reciprocating Compressors Construction Details


Views : 8

Download File

Magazine

Virtual expo

Chapter Two Reciprocating Compressors Construction Details

 

Usually dispatched in 2 to 3 days
Usually dispatched in 2 to 3 days
Category:
Share The Book

Reciprocating Compressors Construction Details

In general, materials for the construction of the compressor and auxiliaries are normally the manufacturer’s standard for the specified operating conditions except as required by the datasheet or certain specifications.

Reviews

There are no reviews yet.

Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.

Related books

Chapter10. Compressors

Main Types of Compressors  The compressor is the heart of a mechanical refrigeration system.  There is the need for many types of compressors because of the variety of refrigerants and the capacity, location and application of the systems.  Generally, the compressor can be classified into two basic types: positive displacement and roto-dynamic.
Quick View

Chapter10. Compressors

Main Types of Compressors  The compressor is the heart of a mechanical refrigeration system.  There is the need for many types of compressors because of the variety of refrigerants and the capacity, location and application of the systems.  Generally, the compressor can be classified into two basic types: positive displacement and roto-dynamic.

Centrifugal Pump Characteristics
Quick View

Centrifugal Pump Characteristics

Basic Pump Fundamentals
Quick View

Basic Pump Fundamentals

Centrifugal Pump Application and Optimization

Summary Centrifugal pumps perform many important functions to control the built environment. The physics and basic mechanics of pumps have not changed substantially in the last century. However, the state of the art in the application of pumps has improved dramatically in recent years. Even so, pumps are still often not well applied, and become common targets in retrocommissioning projects where field assessment and testing can reveal significant energy savings potential from optimizing pump performance. Typically, retrocommissioning finds that pump flow rates do not match their design intent and that reducing flow rates to match load requirements or eliminating unnecessary pressure drops can save energy. As the example below illustrates, decisions made during the design phase have implications throughout the operating life of the building. Although fully optimizing any design will require some effort after installation, the prevalence and magnitude of the savings that are commonly found in retrocommissioning and ongoing commissioning begs the larger question: How much greater would the savings be if pumps were selected and applied optimally during the design phase?
Quick View

Centrifugal Pump Application and Optimization

Summary Centrifugal pumps perform many important functions to control the built environment. The physics and basic mechanics of pumps have not changed substantially in the last century. However, the state of the art in the application of pumps has improved dramatically in recent years. Even so, pumps are still often not well applied, and become common targets in retrocommissioning projects where field assessment and testing can reveal significant energy savings potential from optimizing pump performance. Typically, retrocommissioning finds that pump flow rates do not match their design intent and that reducing flow rates to match load requirements or eliminating unnecessary pressure drops can save energy. As the example below illustrates, decisions made during the design phase have implications throughout the operating life of the building. Although fully optimizing any design will require some effort after installation, the prevalence and magnitude of the savings that are commonly found in retrocommissioning and ongoing commissioning begs the larger question: How much greater would the savings be if pumps were selected and applied optimally during the design phase?

Optimum Operation Management Effect of Main Sewage Pumping Stations on Trunk Sewer Deterioration

Abstract

Sewage pumping stations are considered an important part of any sewerage system. Pumps failure in these stations means that the pumps are unable to work at the design requirement (flow capacity and head) and that may cause sewer overflow and flooding leading to sewer deterioration. In this paper, two main sewage pumping stations in Baghdad city were selected as case studies, Al[1]Habibia and Al-Ghazali located on Zublin trunk sewer 3000 mm and Baghdad trunk sewer 1200-2100 respectively. This study focused mainly on the operation of main sewage pumping stations and their effect, both directly and indirectly, on changing hydraulic properties, which leads to an increase in the deterioration of sewage pipes. The hydraulic analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the operational performance of these stations on the deterioration of the trunk sewers. In general, the sewage pumps are in good condition based on the completed evaluation of these stations but, it was observed that Al-Habibia sewage pumping station was unable to discharge high sewage flow (d/D = 0.75). Backup flow occurred in the inlet sewer and caused overflow and flooding. The hydraulic analysis for the effluent sewer showed that the actual flowing velocities of the operating conditions examined were greater than the minimum self[1]cleaning velocity. Al-Ghazali sewage pumping station was able to receive the influent sewage for all the cases of flow (low, medium and high). While the effluent sewer (Baghdad trunk sewer) that was 70% filled with sediments, that reduced its capacity, does not work with the high discharges of the pumps. Therefore, resulting in sewage flows from this overloaded sewer onto the streets and harms the environment. Keywords: Hydraulic analysis, Operational performance evaluation, Pumps condition, Sewage pumping stations, Trunk sewer deterioration.
Quick View

Optimum Operation Management Effect of Main Sewage Pumping Stations on Trunk Sewer Deterioration

Abstract

Sewage pumping stations are considered an important part of any sewerage system. Pumps failure in these stations means that the pumps are unable to work at the design requirement (flow capacity and head) and that may cause sewer overflow and flooding leading to sewer deterioration. In this paper, two main sewage pumping stations in Baghdad city were selected as case studies, Al[1]Habibia and Al-Ghazali located on Zublin trunk sewer 3000 mm and Baghdad trunk sewer 1200-2100 respectively. This study focused mainly on the operation of main sewage pumping stations and their effect, both directly and indirectly, on changing hydraulic properties, which leads to an increase in the deterioration of sewage pipes. The hydraulic analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the operational performance of these stations on the deterioration of the trunk sewers. In general, the sewage pumps are in good condition based on the completed evaluation of these stations but, it was observed that Al-Habibia sewage pumping station was unable to discharge high sewage flow (d/D = 0.75). Backup flow occurred in the inlet sewer and caused overflow and flooding. The hydraulic analysis for the effluent sewer showed that the actual flowing velocities of the operating conditions examined were greater than the minimum self[1]cleaning velocity. Al-Ghazali sewage pumping station was able to receive the influent sewage for all the cases of flow (low, medium and high). While the effluent sewer (Baghdad trunk sewer) that was 70% filled with sediments, that reduced its capacity, does not work with the high discharges of the pumps. Therefore, resulting in sewage flows from this overloaded sewer onto the streets and harms the environment. Keywords: Hydraulic analysis, Operational performance evaluation, Pumps condition, Sewage pumping stations, Trunk sewer deterioration.

Centrifugal Pump Analysis

Introduction Centrifugal pumps are used to increase pressure in a liquid for the purpose of transporting the liquid through piping and other devices for use in an industrial  process. With the higher pressure, the liquid can be transported in short or long pipelines for delivery to an ultimate destination. Examples include water pipelines, refined petroleum and crude oil pipelines. The pressure generated by the pump is gradually depleted as the liquid flows through the pipeline, due to friction in the pipe, as well as any elevation increase from the point of origin to the destination point. The liquid as it enters the pump has a certain amount of energy, due to its initial pressure (pressure energy), position (potential energy) and its velocity (kinetic energy). The potential energy depends on the location of the liquid from some datum, such as sea level. The kinetic energy is due to the motion of the liquid. The sum of three components is the total energy of the liquid. As the liquid comes out of the pump, energy is imparted by the rotating element (impeller) in the pump and the liquid pressure increases. The velocity of the liquid also changes from that at the pump inlet. In a centrifugal pump, the liquid is accelerated by centrifugal force during its passage through the rotating pump impeller and, finally at the exit, the kinetic energy is converted to pressure energy as it exits the pump volute into the discharge piping.
Quick View

Centrifugal Pump Analysis

Introduction Centrifugal pumps are used to increase pressure in a liquid for the purpose of transporting the liquid through piping and other devices for use in an industrial  process. With the higher pressure, the liquid can be transported in short or long pipelines for delivery to an ultimate destination. Examples include water pipelines, refined petroleum and crude oil pipelines. The pressure generated by the pump is gradually depleted as the liquid flows through the pipeline, due to friction in the pipe, as well as any elevation increase from the point of origin to the destination point. The liquid as it enters the pump has a certain amount of energy, due to its initial pressure (pressure energy), position (potential energy) and its velocity (kinetic energy). The potential energy depends on the location of the liquid from some datum, such as sea level. The kinetic energy is due to the motion of the liquid. The sum of three components is the total energy of the liquid. As the liquid comes out of the pump, energy is imparted by the rotating element (impeller) in the pump and the liquid pressure increases. The velocity of the liquid also changes from that at the pump inlet. In a centrifugal pump, the liquid is accelerated by centrifugal force during its passage through the rotating pump impeller and, finally at the exit, the kinetic energy is converted to pressure energy as it exits the pump volute into the discharge piping.

Fundamentals of Pumps
Quick View

Fundamentals of Pumps

Centrifugal and Positive Displacement Pumps

Introduction Centrifugal pumps basically consist of a stationary pump casing and an impeller mounted on a rotating shaft. The pump casing provides a pressure boundary for the pump and contains channels to properly direct the suction and discharge flow. The pump casing has suction and discharge penetrations for the main flow path of the pump and normally has small drain and vent fittings to remove gases trapped in the pump casing or to drain the pump casing for maintenance. Figure 1 is a simplified diagram of a typical centrifugal pump that shows the relative locations of the pump suction, impeller, volute, and discharge. The pump casing guides the liquid from the suction connection to the center, or eye, of the impeller. The vanes of the rotating impeller impart a radial and rotary motion to the liquid, forcing it to the outer periphery of the pump casing where it is collected in the outer part of the pump casing called the volute. The volute is a region that expands in cross-sectional area as it wraps around the pump casing. The purpose of the volute is to collect the liquid discharged from the periphery of the impeller at high velocity and gradually cause a reduction in fluid velocity by increasing the flow area. This converts the velocity head to static pressure. The fluid is then discharged from the pump through the discharge connection.
Quick View

Centrifugal and Positive Displacement Pumps

Introduction Centrifugal pumps basically consist of a stationary pump casing and an impeller mounted on a rotating shaft. The pump casing provides a pressure boundary for the pump and contains channels to properly direct the suction and discharge flow. The pump casing has suction and discharge penetrations for the main flow path of the pump and normally has small drain and vent fittings to remove gases trapped in the pump casing or to drain the pump casing for maintenance. Figure 1 is a simplified diagram of a typical centrifugal pump that shows the relative locations of the pump suction, impeller, volute, and discharge. The pump casing guides the liquid from the suction connection to the center, or eye, of the impeller. The vanes of the rotating impeller impart a radial and rotary motion to the liquid, forcing it to the outer periphery of the pump casing where it is collected in the outer part of the pump casing called the volute. The volute is a region that expands in cross-sectional area as it wraps around the pump casing. The purpose of the volute is to collect the liquid discharged from the periphery of the impeller at high velocity and gradually cause a reduction in fluid velocity by increasing the flow area. This converts the velocity head to static pressure. The fluid is then discharged from the pump through the discharge connection.

Fundamental of Mechanical Seal
Quick View

Fundamental of Mechanical Seal

Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints in Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Quick View

Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints in Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

Centrifugal Pump Basics
Quick View

Centrifugal Pump Basics

Centrifugal Pump Specification
Quick View

Centrifugal Pump Specification

    0
    Your Cart
    Your cart is emptyReturn to Shop
    Continue Shopping
    ×