Cooling Tower Key Components And How To Improve Water Efficiency
Cooling Tower Key Components and How to Improve Water Efficiency
Credit to: https://www.cedengineering.com/
Author: Elie Tawil, P.E., LEED AP
Introduction
Federal laws and regulations require Federal agencies to reduce water use and improve water efficiency. Namely, Executive Order 13514 Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance, requires an annual two percent reduction of water use
intensity (water use per square foot of building space) for agency potable water consumption as well as a two percent reduction of water use for industrial, landscaping, and agricultural applications. Cooling towers can be a significant source of water use for both of these categories of water use at Federal facilities. To realize potential savings it is essential for Federal agencies understand the key components of cooling towers and how to improve water efficiency of the system as a part of a comprehensive approach to water management.
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Introduction:
The industrial water user should determine if implementation of each identified BMP measure to achieve water savings would be cost effective. The analysis should determine the cost effectiveness to the industrial water user of the lower direct costs of the saved water and other cost savings that may also accrue. Many operating procedures and controls that improve water use efficiency should be implemented simply as a matter of good practice. In other cases the industrial user may decide to implement BMPs based on non-cost factors such as public good will or political reasons. In evaluating equipment and process additions or changes, each industry should utilize its own criteria for making capital improvement decisions.
Best Management Practices for Industrial Water Users
Introduction:
The industrial water user should determine if implementation of each identified BMP measure to achieve water savings would be cost effective. The analysis should determine the cost effectiveness to the industrial water user of the lower direct costs of the saved water and other cost savings that may also accrue. Many operating procedures and controls that improve water use efficiency should be implemented simply as a matter of good practice. In other cases the industrial user may decide to implement BMPs based on non-cost factors such as public good will or political reasons. In evaluating equipment and process additions or changes, each industry should utilize its own criteria for making capital improvement decisions.
Finnish Industrial Wastewater Guide
Introduction:
This guide describes Finnish practices for managing industrial wastewater and provides instructions for drawing up an industrial wastewater agreement. The purpose of this guide is to provide support for all those who are involved in decision-making concerning the conveying of industrial wastewater to sewers and the safe treatment of it at municipal wastewater treatment plants. The guide describes the industrial wastewater related legislation currently valid in Finland, information on different types of industrial waters, instructions for preparing an industrial wastewater agreement, formula of increased fee, monitoring of industrial wastewater and practical examples of functional solutions. The guide describes the various stages in drawing up an industrial wastewater agreement and matters that have to be taken into account in preparing such an agreement. The aim of this guide is to provide as many concrete examples and
instructions as possible. However, when preparing an industrial wastewater agreement, it is always recommended to use case-specific discretion and take the local circumstances in account. The specific properties of industrial wastewater must be taken into account in the
industrial wastewater agreement. The quality of wastewater conveyed to the sewers has impacts on the occupational safety of the employees of the water utility, the condition of the sewerage network and equipment of the treatment plant, the operation of the
treatment process, the sludge quality and the state of the recipient water body. All these aspects must be taken into account in the agreement.
Finnish Industrial Wastewater Guide
Introduction:
This guide describes Finnish practices for managing industrial wastewater and provides instructions for drawing up an industrial wastewater agreement. The purpose of this guide is to provide support for all those who are involved in decision-making concerning the conveying of industrial wastewater to sewers and the safe treatment of it at municipal wastewater treatment plants. The guide describes the industrial wastewater related legislation currently valid in Finland, information on different types of industrial waters, instructions for preparing an industrial wastewater agreement, formula of increased fee, monitoring of industrial wastewater and practical examples of functional solutions. The guide describes the various stages in drawing up an industrial wastewater agreement and matters that have to be taken into account in preparing such an agreement. The aim of this guide is to provide as many concrete examples and
instructions as possible. However, when preparing an industrial wastewater agreement, it is always recommended to use case-specific discretion and take the local circumstances in account. The specific properties of industrial wastewater must be taken into account in the
industrial wastewater agreement. The quality of wastewater conveyed to the sewers has impacts on the occupational safety of the employees of the water utility, the condition of the sewerage network and equipment of the treatment plant, the operation of the
treatment process, the sludge quality and the state of the recipient water body. All these aspects must be taken into account in the agreement.
Module 22: Industrial Pretreatment Programs Updated 2020
• Identify the historical basis for the National Pretreatment Program.
• Explain the general regulatory structure of the National Pretreatment Program.
• List three prohibited discharges under the National Pretreatment Program.
• Describe what a categorical pretreatment standard is under the National Pretreatment Program.
Module 22: Industrial Pretreatment Programs Updated 2020
• Identify the historical basis for the National Pretreatment Program.
• Explain the general regulatory structure of the National Pretreatment Program.
• List three prohibited discharges under the National Pretreatment Program.
• Describe what a categorical pretreatment standard is under the National Pretreatment Program.
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This GSA Proving Ground (GPG) project assessed the performance of three alternative water treatment systems (AWT) for cooling tower water treatment applications at the Denver Federal Center (DFC) in Denver, Colorado. Cooling towers are commonly applied to water cooled chilled water plants in medium to large commercial buildings and are the point in the system where heat is dissipated to the atmosphere through the evaporative cooling process. Cooling towers also consume a large amount of water. Cooling tower related water consumption is one of largest potable water loads within buildings in the United States, with over 26% of water use associated with heating and cooling. Reducing water consumption is a priority for the General Services Administration (GSA) due to Executive Order 13693, Energy Policy Act of 1992, and regional water shortages. These factors have brought about the investigation of cost effective opportunities to reduce water use, such as AWT technologies for cooling towers. The current state of water treatment in GSA buildings is to use conventional chemical based cooling tower water treatment to maintain cooling tower water quality and contract out this specialized service to a third-party company specializing in such service.
Alternative Water Treatment Technologies for Cooling Tower Applications
This GSA Proving Ground (GPG) project assessed the performance of three alternative water treatment systems (AWT) for cooling tower water treatment applications at the Denver Federal Center (DFC) in Denver, Colorado. Cooling towers are commonly applied to water cooled chilled water plants in medium to large commercial buildings and are the point in the system where heat is dissipated to the atmosphere through the evaporative cooling process. Cooling towers also consume a large amount of water. Cooling tower related water consumption is one of largest potable water loads within buildings in the United States, with over 26% of water use associated with heating and cooling. Reducing water consumption is a priority for the General Services Administration (GSA) due to Executive Order 13693, Energy Policy Act of 1992, and regional water shortages. These factors have brought about the investigation of cost effective opportunities to reduce water use, such as AWT technologies for cooling towers. The current state of water treatment in GSA buildings is to use conventional chemical based cooling tower water treatment to maintain cooling tower water quality and contract out this specialized service to a third-party company specializing in such service.
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Industrial Pretreatment Programs
Pretreatment is the reduction of the amount of pollutants, the elimination of pollutants, or the alteration of the nature of pollutant properties in wastewater prior to, or in leu of, discharging or otherwise introducing such pollutants into a POTW. The reduction or alteration may be obtained by physical, chemical or biological processes, process changes or by other means, except as prohibited by 40 CFR 403.6(d)
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For an industrial company using a cooling tower for its facility, some type of cooling tower water treatment system is usually necessary to ensure an efficient process and lengthy equipment service life.If cooling tower water is left untreated, organic growth, fouling, scaling, and corrosion canreduce plant productivity, cause plant downtime, and require costly equipment replacements down the road.
An Industrial Facility’s Guide To Cooling Tower Water Treatment
For an industrial company using a cooling tower for its facility, some type of cooling tower water treatment system is usually necessary to ensure an efficient process and lengthy equipment service life.If cooling tower water is left untreated, organic growth, fouling, scaling, and corrosion canreduce plant productivity, cause plant downtime, and require costly equipment replacements down the road.
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