Cost Management Of Construction Projects
Introduction
The first step in the cost management process group is to answer the questions:
‘How much will the project cost?’ ‘
How accurate is this estimate?’
Project managers make many of their day-to-day decisions based on estimates and the accuracy of these can have a big influence on the outcome of the project. Experience suggests that projects launched without an accurate initial estimate are far more likely to experience serious problems than those where sound estimates were made. One of the keys to successful project completion is an accurate cost estimate and a realistic risk assessment.
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Distribution Basics
Important Information about this Manual
Disclaimer This CEU training manual has been prepared to assist employees in the general awareness of the water distribution system and groundwater production system, complex pumping ideas, dangerous excavation techniques, water regulatory sampling, and dealing with often-complex procedures and requirements for safely handling hazardous and toxic materials. The scope of the material is quite large, requiring a major effort to bring it under control. Employee health and safety, as well as that of the public, depends upon the careful application of federal and state regulations and safe working procedures. This manual will cover general laws, regulations, required procedures, and work rules relating to water distribution and sampling. It should be noted, however, that federal and state regulations are an ongoing process and subject to change over time. For this reason, a list of resources and hyperlinks is provided to assist in obtaining the most up-to-date information on various subjects. You can find these on our website or in this manual. This manual is a guidance document for employees who are involved with water distribution, water quality, and pollution control. It is not designed to meet the full requirements of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or the Department of Labor-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) rules and regulations. This course manual will provide general guidance and should not be used as a preliminary basis for developing general water/wastewater sampling plans or water distribution safety plans or procedures. This document is not a detailed water/wastewater textbook or a comprehensive source book on water/wastewater/safety rules and regulations. Technical Learning College makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the absolute correctness or appropriateness of the information in this manual and assumes no responsibility in connection with the implementation of this information. It cannot be assumed that this manual contains all measures and concepts required for specific conditions or circumstances. This document should be used for guidance and is not considered a legal document. Individuals who are responsible for water distribution, production, and/or sampling and the health and safety of workers at hazardous waste sites should obtain and comply with the most recent federal, state, and local regulations relevant to these sites and are urged to consult with OSHA, the EPA and other appropriate federal, state, and local agencies.
Distribution Basics
Important Information about this Manual
Disclaimer This CEU training manual has been prepared to assist employees in the general awareness of the water distribution system and groundwater production system, complex pumping ideas, dangerous excavation techniques, water regulatory sampling, and dealing with often-complex procedures and requirements for safely handling hazardous and toxic materials. The scope of the material is quite large, requiring a major effort to bring it under control. Employee health and safety, as well as that of the public, depends upon the careful application of federal and state regulations and safe working procedures. This manual will cover general laws, regulations, required procedures, and work rules relating to water distribution and sampling. It should be noted, however, that federal and state regulations are an ongoing process and subject to change over time. For this reason, a list of resources and hyperlinks is provided to assist in obtaining the most up-to-date information on various subjects. You can find these on our website or in this manual. This manual is a guidance document for employees who are involved with water distribution, water quality, and pollution control. It is not designed to meet the full requirements of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or the Department of Labor-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) rules and regulations. This course manual will provide general guidance and should not be used as a preliminary basis for developing general water/wastewater sampling plans or water distribution safety plans or procedures. This document is not a detailed water/wastewater textbook or a comprehensive source book on water/wastewater/safety rules and regulations. Technical Learning College makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the absolute correctness or appropriateness of the information in this manual and assumes no responsibility in connection with the implementation of this information. It cannot be assumed that this manual contains all measures and concepts required for specific conditions or circumstances. This document should be used for guidance and is not considered a legal document. Individuals who are responsible for water distribution, production, and/or sampling and the health and safety of workers at hazardous waste sites should obtain and comply with the most recent federal, state, and local regulations relevant to these sites and are urged to consult with OSHA, the EPA and other appropriate federal, state, and local agencies.
The Role Of Water Treatment In The Effective Operation Of Steam Systems
Executive Summary : In even a relatively small country like the UK, raw water quality varies considerably from region to region. If these variations are not catered for properly, organisations will see a dramatic impact on the efficacy of their steam system operations. The type and level of impurities in water supplies from different utilities needs to be analysed carefully and considerable expertise needs to be applied to create the most effective water treatment regime for a particular system and its processes. The advantages of applying a proper water treatment programme are considerable, not only in protecting the boiler and wider steam system from corrosion and potentially high maintenance costs, but also
improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, maximizing productivity, minimizing the use of treatment chemicals and lowering the total cost ownership of plant. This white paper reviews the causes and types of impurities found in water, the impact they can have on steam systems and how they can be controlled through softening technologies, and chemical treatment or reverse osmosis.
The Role Of Water Treatment In The Effective Operation Of Steam Systems
Executive Summary : In even a relatively small country like the UK, raw water quality varies considerably from region to region. If these variations are not catered for properly, organisations will see a dramatic impact on the efficacy of their steam system operations. The type and level of impurities in water supplies from different utilities needs to be analysed carefully and considerable expertise needs to be applied to create the most effective water treatment regime for a particular system and its processes. The advantages of applying a proper water treatment programme are considerable, not only in protecting the boiler and wider steam system from corrosion and potentially high maintenance costs, but also
improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, maximizing productivity, minimizing the use of treatment chemicals and lowering the total cost ownership of plant. This white paper reviews the causes and types of impurities found in water, the impact they can have on steam systems and how they can be controlled through softening technologies, and chemical treatment or reverse osmosis.
NFPA 13 Standard For Installation Of Sprinkler System
Standby Hose Stations Connected to Sprinkler Systems
• NFPA 13 allows small (1½ in.) and large (2½ in.) hose connections to be connected to fire sprinkler systems. Such connections are considered a part of the fire sprinkler system, not a standpipe system.
• The purpose of a standby hose connection is to provide the user with some type of fire protection without providing all of the full requirements of a standpipe system. Connecting the standby hose to the fire sprinkler system allows a small amount of water to be available for firefighting (typically 50– 250 gpm) without the full water supply of a standpipe system.
• There are two occupancies where standby hose connections are sometimes found: storage warehouses and assembly occupancies backstage.
NFPA 13 Standard For Installation Of Sprinkler System
Standby Hose Stations Connected to Sprinkler Systems
• NFPA 13 allows small (1½ in.) and large (2½ in.) hose connections to be connected to fire sprinkler systems. Such connections are considered a part of the fire sprinkler system, not a standpipe system.
• The purpose of a standby hose connection is to provide the user with some type of fire protection without providing all of the full requirements of a standpipe system. Connecting the standby hose to the fire sprinkler system allows a small amount of water to be available for firefighting (typically 50– 250 gpm) without the full water supply of a standpipe system.
• There are two occupancies where standby hose connections are sometimes found: storage warehouses and assembly occupancies backstage.
GIS-Based Non-Revenue Water Mapping And Analysis
Abstract
Water loss from water distribution network is a major concern to water utilities. Water utilities around the world are becoming more focused on adopting a proactive approach to managing water loss. The amount of lost water can be significant, reaching levels as high as 50% of production. AbuDhabi Distribution Company, the main distributor of potable water in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, is widely paying attention to water losses and investing in their resources to reduce it to the acceptable level as per Abu Dhabi Emirate Regulation Entity. Water balance analysis is the most widely used method for quantifying water losses. Guidelines and standard procedures for performing water balance analysis is mainly provided as a best practice document by the International Water Association (IWA). Experience shows that successful implementation of this best practice depends to a large extent on the ability to efficiently collect and integrate data from various sources. These data sources include metered and un-metered consumption records, water supply data, and water network asset inventory. It will also require an understanding of various components contributing to the water loss. This paper illustrates the developing of a GIS-based method to facilitate identification of non-revenue water as part of water balance analysis procedure. The analysis integrates data from GIS asset, water
interface points’ record, Sector Measuring points data loggers’ system and Consumption records. The paper also compares the non-revenue water percentage in different years for selected sectors and highlights the areas with high percentage comparing with others and against the international average non-revenue water percentage. The analysis was conducted for Abu Dhabi Island.
GIS-Based Non-Revenue Water Mapping And Analysis
Abstract
Water loss from water distribution network is a major concern to water utilities. Water utilities around the world are becoming more focused on adopting a proactive approach to managing water loss. The amount of lost water can be significant, reaching levels as high as 50% of production. AbuDhabi Distribution Company, the main distributor of potable water in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, is widely paying attention to water losses and investing in their resources to reduce it to the acceptable level as per Abu Dhabi Emirate Regulation Entity. Water balance analysis is the most widely used method for quantifying water losses. Guidelines and standard procedures for performing water balance analysis is mainly provided as a best practice document by the International Water Association (IWA). Experience shows that successful implementation of this best practice depends to a large extent on the ability to efficiently collect and integrate data from various sources. These data sources include metered and un-metered consumption records, water supply data, and water network asset inventory. It will also require an understanding of various components contributing to the water loss. This paper illustrates the developing of a GIS-based method to facilitate identification of non-revenue water as part of water balance analysis procedure. The analysis integrates data from GIS asset, water
interface points’ record, Sector Measuring points data loggers’ system and Consumption records. The paper also compares the non-revenue water percentage in different years for selected sectors and highlights the areas with high percentage comparing with others and against the international average non-revenue water percentage. The analysis was conducted for Abu Dhabi Island.
Distribution Advanced
Important Information about this Manual
Disclaimer This CEU training manual has been prepared to assist employees in the general awareness of the water distribution system and groundwater production system, complex pumping ideas, dangerous excavation techniques, water regulatory sampling, and dealing with often-complex procedures and requirements for safely handling hazardous and toxic materials. The scope of the material is quite large, requiring a major effort to bring it under control. Employee health and safety, as well as that of the public, depends upon the careful application of federal and state regulations and safe working procedures. This manual will cover general laws, regulations, required procedures, and work rules relating to water distribution and sampling. It should be noted, however, that federal and state regulations are an ongoing process and subject to change over time. For this reason, a list of resources and hyperlinks is provided to assist in obtaining the most up-to-date information on various subjects. You can find these on our website or in this manual. This manual is a guidance document for employees who are involved with water distribution, water quality, and pollution control. It is not designed to meet the full requirements of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or the Department of Labor-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) rules and regulations. This course manual will provide general guidance and should not be used as a preliminary basis for developing general water/wastewater sampling plans or water distribution safety plans or procedures. This document is not a detailed water/wastewater textbook or a comprehensive source book on water/wastewater/safety rules and regulations. Technical Learning College makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the absolute correctness or appropriateness of the information in this manual and assumes no responsibility in connection with the implementation of this information. It cannot be assumed that this manual contains all measures and concepts required for specific conditions or circumstances. This document should be used for guidance and is not considered a legal document. Individuals who are responsible for water distribution, production, and/or sampling and the health and safety of workers at hazardous waste sites should obtain and comply with the most recent federal, state, and local regulations relevant to these sites and are urged to consult with OSHA, the EPA and other appropriate federal, state, and local agencies.
Distribution Advanced
Important Information about this Manual
Disclaimer This CEU training manual has been prepared to assist employees in the general awareness of the water distribution system and groundwater production system, complex pumping ideas, dangerous excavation techniques, water regulatory sampling, and dealing with often-complex procedures and requirements for safely handling hazardous and toxic materials. The scope of the material is quite large, requiring a major effort to bring it under control. Employee health and safety, as well as that of the public, depends upon the careful application of federal and state regulations and safe working procedures. This manual will cover general laws, regulations, required procedures, and work rules relating to water distribution and sampling. It should be noted, however, that federal and state regulations are an ongoing process and subject to change over time. For this reason, a list of resources and hyperlinks is provided to assist in obtaining the most up-to-date information on various subjects. You can find these on our website or in this manual. This manual is a guidance document for employees who are involved with water distribution, water quality, and pollution control. It is not designed to meet the full requirements of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or the Department of Labor-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) rules and regulations. This course manual will provide general guidance and should not be used as a preliminary basis for developing general water/wastewater sampling plans or water distribution safety plans or procedures. This document is not a detailed water/wastewater textbook or a comprehensive source book on water/wastewater/safety rules and regulations. Technical Learning College makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the absolute correctness or appropriateness of the information in this manual and assumes no responsibility in connection with the implementation of this information. It cannot be assumed that this manual contains all measures and concepts required for specific conditions or circumstances. This document should be used for guidance and is not considered a legal document. Individuals who are responsible for water distribution, production, and/or sampling and the health and safety of workers at hazardous waste sites should obtain and comply with the most recent federal, state, and local regulations relevant to these sites and are urged to consult with OSHA, the EPA and other appropriate federal, state, and local agencies.
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