Introduction
This white paper focuses on the importance of hardware such as Source of information for digital transformation.
The aim is to highlight the critical role of correct instrumentation in improving situational awareness and facilitating informed decision-making.
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Ceramic Membranes: New Trends And Prospects (Short Review)
Abstract:
This review is devoted to the features of the formation and application of ceramic membranes in water treatment technologies. The structure, composition and geometric configuration of ceramic membranes were analyzed. A comparison with polymer membranes was made, as a result of which it was determined that the use of ceramic membranes is safer for the environment and will contribute to the creation of sustainable water treatment technologies, which can be completely closed. Despite their widely recognized shortcomings – fragility and cost, the use of ceramic membranes can pay off quickly due to higher performance and longer service life. Besides, a promising direction in overcoming these shortcomings is the fabrication of cheap and highly functional ceramic membranes using nanotechnology, modification of their surface against biofouling and for disinfection and creation of hybrid membranes. Additionally, the perspective direction of ceramic membranes creation based on low-cost raw materials and the development of cheap anisotropic inorganic membranes is outlined. In general, it is noted that membrane technologies, while eliminating certain shortcomings, will be recognized as a universal and "green" method of wastewater treatment, which will address a wide range of water treatment issues
Trends of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Research in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
Abstract:
This study provides an overview of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) research trends in Indonesia from 1975 until April 2021. The systematic review compiled 272 articles related to the Sustainable Development Goals 6.1 and 6.2 in Indonesia, which were published in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The results showed that the water-related topic (41%) was discussed more often than sanitation (22%) or hygiene (13%). Furthermore, the social theme (39%) was dominantly found in all these articles, mostly finding determinants of WASH-related behavior. However, few WASH implementation studies or behavioral change interventions were recorded in Indonesia, suggesting a gap between science and policy or implementation. On the other hand, hygiene-related topics (14%) and WASH-related financial themes (6%) were the least studied in Indonesia. Combinations of topics (23%) and themes (15%) were also often conducted in Indonesia, suggesting that WASH researchers started to recognize the need to analyze WASH problems holistically, i.e., from multiple perspectives. In addition, the distribution of WASH research was still dominated in the central part of Indonesia, whereas the WASH-related problems, i.e., poor WASH services, and behavior, often occur in this area. This study also offers some research gaps, both in terms of topics, themes, and regional distribution, that need to be considered for the design of future WASH research in Indonesia.
Trends of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Research in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
Abstract:
This study provides an overview of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) research trends in Indonesia from 1975 until April 2021. The systematic review compiled 272 articles related to the Sustainable Development Goals 6.1 and 6.2 in Indonesia, which were published in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The results showed that the water-related topic (41%) was discussed more often than sanitation (22%) or hygiene (13%). Furthermore, the social theme (39%) was dominantly found in all these articles, mostly finding determinants of WASH-related behavior. However, few WASH implementation studies or behavioral change interventions were recorded in Indonesia, suggesting a gap between science and policy or implementation. On the other hand, hygiene-related topics (14%) and WASH-related financial themes (6%) were the least studied in Indonesia. Combinations of topics (23%) and themes (15%) were also often conducted in Indonesia, suggesting that WASH researchers started to recognize the need to analyze WASH problems holistically, i.e., from multiple perspectives. In addition, the distribution of WASH research was still dominated in the central part of Indonesia, whereas the WASH-related problems, i.e., poor WASH services, and behavior, often occur in this area. This study also offers some research gaps, both in terms of topics, themes, and regional distribution, that need to be considered for the design of future WASH research in Indonesia.
Trends and Perspectives In Industrial Water Treatment
Introduction
Water is vital for industry, both at the national and at the international level. The water technology of the industrial sector differs fundamentally from that of the municipal sector as a function of the specific needs of each sector. In the industrial sector, these requirements vary strongly between industries and locations so that standardized solutions are not possible (cf. Fig. 1). Rather, the different needs call for a combination of methodical/technical know-how and customized process technology. In view of the close interaction between production and water technology, integrative technologies and management systems are called for. An integrated, sustainable industrial water management curbs the dependency on natural water resources and other influencing factors such as energy or the regulatory framework. It is therefore not only relevant for the domestic market, but also boosts the export of technologies, equipment, engineering and other services and enhances the competitiveness of German companies in the international markets. The Process Net Subject Division “Production-integrated Water and Waste Water Technology” examines the state of-the-art of science and technology and new perspectives in the field of production-integrated (waste) water treatment. The division’s aim is to integrate the industrial utilization of water into the entire water economy with consideration of sociological effects and to consistently improve its ecological and economic efficiency. The Subject Division offers a forum for the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas and experiences among experts from industrial production, process development, environmental technology, plant engineering and construction as well as from engineering contractors, associations and the relevant authorities. In the process, new needs for R&D and application are identified and the technology transfer from scientific research to commercial implementation is promoted. r aus der Wissenschaft in die industrielle Praxis gefördert.
Trends and Perspectives In Industrial Water Treatment
Introduction
Water is vital for industry, both at the national and at the international level. The water technology of the industrial sector differs fundamentally from that of the municipal sector as a function of the specific needs of each sector. In the industrial sector, these requirements vary strongly between industries and locations so that standardized solutions are not possible (cf. Fig. 1). Rather, the different needs call for a combination of methodical/technical know-how and customized process technology. In view of the close interaction between production and water technology, integrative technologies and management systems are called for. An integrated, sustainable industrial water management curbs the dependency on natural water resources and other influencing factors such as energy or the regulatory framework. It is therefore not only relevant for the domestic market, but also boosts the export of technologies, equipment, engineering and other services and enhances the competitiveness of German companies in the international markets. The Process Net Subject Division “Production-integrated Water and Waste Water Technology” examines the state of-the-art of science and technology and new perspectives in the field of production-integrated (waste) water treatment. The division’s aim is to integrate the industrial utilization of water into the entire water economy with consideration of sociological effects and to consistently improve its ecological and economic efficiency. The Subject Division offers a forum for the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas and experiences among experts from industrial production, process development, environmental technology, plant engineering and construction as well as from engineering contractors, associations and the relevant authorities. In the process, new needs for R&D and application are identified and the technology transfer from scientific research to commercial implementation is promoted. r aus der Wissenschaft in die industrielle Praxis gefördert.
Emerging Technologies for High Recovery Processing
ABSTRACT:
The history of high recovery processing is one of high costs and limited markets. Beginning in about 2008, perceptions were that the marketplace could significantly increase due to new applications in the unconventional oil and gas industry. In addition, markets could grow due to increased interest in industrial water reuse and increased regulation of wastewater disposal. As a result, many companies began looking at ways to lower costs through development of alternative technologies or modification of existing technologies. The purpose of the project was to assess the status and potential of the technologies to impact high recovery processing. To do this, information was gathered about both the technologies and the companies involved in their development. The assessment was done twice over a period of two years in order to observe and document progress and changes. While various technical innovations have been made resulting reducing costs, there has been little impact on the marketplace. The perceptions of 2008 have not been realized and along with other reasons, the markets are still limited. The largest potential impact technology was reasoned to be high recovery RO systems
Emerging Technologies for High Recovery Processing
ABSTRACT:
The history of high recovery processing is one of high costs and limited markets. Beginning in about 2008, perceptions were that the marketplace could significantly increase due to new applications in the unconventional oil and gas industry. In addition, markets could grow due to increased interest in industrial water reuse and increased regulation of wastewater disposal. As a result, many companies began looking at ways to lower costs through development of alternative technologies or modification of existing technologies. The purpose of the project was to assess the status and potential of the technologies to impact high recovery processing. To do this, information was gathered about both the technologies and the companies involved in their development. The assessment was done twice over a period of two years in order to observe and document progress and changes. While various technical innovations have been made resulting reducing costs, there has been little impact on the marketplace. The perceptions of 2008 have not been realized and along with other reasons, the markets are still limited. The largest potential impact technology was reasoned to be high recovery RO systems
Calibration Technology
Introduction:
Every measuring instrument is subject to ageing as a result of mechanical, chemical or thermal stress and thus delivers measured values that change over time. This cannot be prevented, but it can be detected in good time by calibration. The Egyptians already knew this almost 5000 years ago. The workers calibrated their yard sticks by comparing them with a “royal cubit” (approx. 52.36 cm) made of stone and thus managed to achieve, for example, side lengths on the Cheops pyramid of 230.33 m which differ from each other by only about 0.05 per cent. In the process of calibration, the displayed value of the measuring instrument is compared with the measuring result of a different measuring device which is known to function correctly and accurately and which itself has been made to coincide directly or indirectly with a national (or international) reference instrument (standard) (Fig. 1). One talks about verification when the calibration has been carried out or supervised by an official body. Both of these variants are purely intended for determining the quality of the displayed values. No intervention to the measuring instrument itself is allowed. With adjustment, it is understood that there is an intervention to the measuring device in order to minimise a detected measuring deviation. Typically, adjustment is followed by a further calibration, in order to check and document the final state of the measuring instrument following the intervention. In contrast to verification, which will lose its validity after a period of time set by law, the validity period of a calibration is subject to practical specifications0.
Calibration Technology
Introduction:
Every measuring instrument is subject to ageing as a result of mechanical, chemical or thermal stress and thus delivers measured values that change over time. This cannot be prevented, but it can be detected in good time by calibration. The Egyptians already knew this almost 5000 years ago. The workers calibrated their yard sticks by comparing them with a “royal cubit” (approx. 52.36 cm) made of stone and thus managed to achieve, for example, side lengths on the Cheops pyramid of 230.33 m which differ from each other by only about 0.05 per cent. In the process of calibration, the displayed value of the measuring instrument is compared with the measuring result of a different measuring device which is known to function correctly and accurately and which itself has been made to coincide directly or indirectly with a national (or international) reference instrument (standard) (Fig. 1). One talks about verification when the calibration has been carried out or supervised by an official body. Both of these variants are purely intended for determining the quality of the displayed values. No intervention to the measuring instrument itself is allowed. With adjustment, it is understood that there is an intervention to the measuring device in order to minimise a detected measuring deviation. Typically, adjustment is followed by a further calibration, in order to check and document the final state of the measuring instrument following the intervention. In contrast to verification, which will lose its validity after a period of time set by law, the validity period of a calibration is subject to practical specifications0.
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