Distributed Control System in Industrial Process
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Wastewater Engineering In Questions And Answer
In Palestine, the existing water and wastewater/sanitation infrastructure suffers from inadequate level of skills in planning, designing, managing, operating and maintaining of the infrastructure to ensure its sustainability. Furthermore, there is no coordinated effort on human resources development aimed to build the needed managerial and technical capacity among water and wastewater service providers. So far, this sector lacks any needs-based capacity building and systematic training arrangements.
Wastewater Engineering In Questions And Answer
In Palestine, the existing water and wastewater/sanitation infrastructure suffers from inadequate level of skills in planning, designing, managing, operating and maintaining of the infrastructure to ensure its sustainability. Furthermore, there is no coordinated effort on human resources development aimed to build the needed managerial and technical capacity among water and wastewater service providers. So far, this sector lacks any needs-based capacity building and systematic training arrangements.
New Advances In Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology Using Continuous Flow Reactors: Engineering And Microbiological Aspects
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) comprises an aggregation of microbial cells in a tridimen sional matrix, which is able to remove carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous as well as other pollutants in a single bioreactor under the same operational conditions. During the past decades, the feasibility of implementing AGS in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for treating sewage using fundament tally sequential batch reactors (SBRs) has been studied. However, granular sludge technology using SBRs has several disadvantages. For instance, it can present certain drawbacks for the treatment of high flow rates; furthermore, the quantity of retained biomass is limited by volume exchange.
Therefore, the development of continuous flow reactors (CFRs) has come to be regarded as a more competitive option. This is why numerous investigations have been undertaken in recent years in search of different designs of CFR systems that would enable the effective treatment of urban and industrial wastewater, keeping the stability of granular biomass. However, despite these efforts, satisfactory results have yet to be achieved. Consequently, it remains necessary to carry out new technical approaches that would provide more effective and efficient AGS-CFR systems. In particular, it is imperative to develop continuous flow granular systems that can both retain granular biomass and efficiently treat wastewater, obviously with low construction, maintenance and exploitation cost. In this review, we collect the most recent information on different technological approaches aimed at establishing AGS-CFR systems, making possible their upscaling to real plant conditions. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these proposals and suggest future trends in the application of aerobic granular systems. Accordingly, we analyze the most significant technical and biological implications of this innovative technology.
New Advances In Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology Using Continuous Flow Reactors: Engineering And Microbiological Aspects
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) comprises an aggregation of microbial cells in a tridimen sional matrix, which is able to remove carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous as well as other pollutants in a single bioreactor under the same operational conditions. During the past decades, the feasibility of implementing AGS in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for treating sewage using fundament tally sequential batch reactors (SBRs) has been studied. However, granular sludge technology using SBRs has several disadvantages. For instance, it can present certain drawbacks for the treatment of high flow rates; furthermore, the quantity of retained biomass is limited by volume exchange.
Therefore, the development of continuous flow reactors (CFRs) has come to be regarded as a more competitive option. This is why numerous investigations have been undertaken in recent years in search of different designs of CFR systems that would enable the effective treatment of urban and industrial wastewater, keeping the stability of granular biomass. However, despite these efforts, satisfactory results have yet to be achieved. Consequently, it remains necessary to carry out new technical approaches that would provide more effective and efficient AGS-CFR systems. In particular, it is imperative to develop continuous flow granular systems that can both retain granular biomass and efficiently treat wastewater, obviously with low construction, maintenance and exploitation cost. In this review, we collect the most recent information on different technological approaches aimed at establishing AGS-CFR systems, making possible their upscaling to real plant conditions. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these proposals and suggest future trends in the application of aerobic granular systems. Accordingly, we analyze the most significant technical and biological implications of this innovative technology.
Engineering and Design- Design Of Small Water Systems
Introduction:
This manual provides guidance and criteria for the design of small water supply, treatment, and distribution systems. For the purpose of this manual, small water systems shall be those having average daily design flow rates of 380 000 liters per day (l/d) (100 000 gallons per day (gpd)) or less. However, the use of the term small is arbitrary, there being no consensus in the water supply literature with respect to its meaning. Regulations regarding the acceptability of a water source, degree of treatment required, and the monitoring requirements are not based on flow rates, but rather on a water system classification relating to the number of people served and for what period of time. Figure 1-1 provides a flowchart for system classification. Refer to Chapter 3, paragraph 3-4b for the appropriate nomenclature.
Engineering and Design- Design Of Small Water Systems
Introduction:
This manual provides guidance and criteria for the design of small water supply, treatment, and distribution systems. For the purpose of this manual, small water systems shall be those having average daily design flow rates of 380 000 liters per day (l/d) (100 000 gallons per day (gpd)) or less. However, the use of the term small is arbitrary, there being no consensus in the water supply literature with respect to its meaning. Regulations regarding the acceptability of a water source, degree of treatment required, and the monitoring requirements are not based on flow rates, but rather on a water system classification relating to the number of people served and for what period of time. Figure 1-1 provides a flowchart for system classification. Refer to Chapter 3, paragraph 3-4b for the appropriate nomenclature.
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