Engineered Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Remediation
Water is one of the world’s most abundant resources, but less than 1% of the global supply of water is available and safe for human consumption [1]. According to the World Health Organization, over 760 million people were without adequate drinking water supply in 2011 [2]. Where it is available, the cost of potable water is rising due to increasing energy costs, growing populations, and climatic or other environmental issues [1,3]. In addition, an increasing number of drinking water sources are showing evidence of contamination, especially by emerging pollutants like pharmaceuticals and personal care products [4,5]. Many traditional water and wastewater treatment methods do not effectively remove these emerging contaminants, and/or are not capable of removing enough to meet increasingly stringent water quality standards [5,6]. Contamination of surface waters also constitutes a risk to water supplies because pollutants may penetrate into aquifers, where they can be transported to drinking water sources.
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