The unique momentum for local PV manufacturing in the world can be leveraged, even in emerging markets, but multiple barriers still need to be overcome. The extreme concentration of the solar PV supply chain presents multiple risks, geopolitical and economic. The development of local solar PV manufacturing across the globe would bring advantages to the entire sector, from end customers to project developers as well as public authorities. Even if local solar PV manufacturing is unlikely to be as cost competitive as China’s, there are many other sources of value. In addition to reducing geopolitical supply or economic risk, developing regional supply chains can increase energy independence and reduce the cost and emissions of logistics around the world.
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Net Zero 2050 A Roadmap For The Global Energy Sector
Summary for policymakers
The energy sector is the source of around three‐quarters of greenhouse gas emissions today and holds the key to averting the worst effects of climate change, perhaps the greatest challenge humankind has faced. Reducing global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to net zero by 2050 is consistent with efforts to limit the long‐term increase in average global temperatures to 1.5 °C. This calls for nothing less than a complete transformation of how we produce, transport, and consume energy. The growing political consensus on reaching net zero is cause for considerable optimism about the progress the world can make, but the changes required to reach net‐zero emissions globally by 2050 are poorly understood. A huge amount of work is needed to turn today’s impressive ambitions into reality, especially given the range of different situations among countries and their different capacities to make the necessary changes. This special IEA report sets out a pathway for achieving this goal, resulting in a clean and resilient energy system that would bring major benefits to human prosperity and well‐being.
Net Zero 2050 A Roadmap For The Global Energy Sector
Summary for policymakers
The energy sector is the source of around three‐quarters of greenhouse gas emissions today and holds the key to averting the worst effects of climate change, perhaps the greatest challenge humankind has faced. Reducing global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to net zero by 2050 is consistent with efforts to limit the long‐term increase in average global temperatures to 1.5 °C. This calls for nothing less than a complete transformation of how we produce, transport, and consume energy. The growing political consensus on reaching net zero is cause for considerable optimism about the progress the world can make, but the changes required to reach net‐zero emissions globally by 2050 are poorly understood. A huge amount of work is needed to turn today’s impressive ambitions into reality, especially given the range of different situations among countries and their different capacities to make the necessary changes. This special IEA report sets out a pathway for achieving this goal, resulting in a clean and resilient energy system that would bring major benefits to human prosperity and well‐being.
Wastewater Management Fact Sheet Energy Conservation
INTRODUCTION
Continual increases in energy costs in the United States affect wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) just as they do other facilities. Energy costs can account for 30 percent of the total op[1]eration and maintenance (O&M) costs of WWTPs (Carns 2005), and WWTPs account for approximately 3 percent of the electric load in the United States. Furthermore, as populations grow and environmental requirements become more stringent, demand for electricity at such plants is expected to grow by approximately 20 percent over the next 15 years (Carns 2005). Energy conservation is thus an issue of increas[1]ing importance to WWTPs. This fact sheet describes possible practices that can be imple[1]mented to conserve energy at a WWTP.
Wastewater Management Fact Sheet Energy Conservation
INTRODUCTION
Continual increases in energy costs in the United States affect wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) just as they do other facilities. Energy costs can account for 30 percent of the total op[1]eration and maintenance (O&M) costs of WWTPs (Carns 2005), and WWTPs account for approximately 3 percent of the electric load in the United States. Furthermore, as populations grow and environmental requirements become more stringent, demand for electricity at such plants is expected to grow by approximately 20 percent over the next 15 years (Carns 2005). Energy conservation is thus an issue of increas[1]ing importance to WWTPs. This fact sheet describes possible practices that can be imple[1]mented to conserve energy at a WWTP.
Technologies For Climate Change Adaptation
Preface:
The statistics are eloquent: water resources and supplies will become increasingly pressing issues in the face of climate change. What’s more, poor and vulnerable populations in developing countries are poised to take the brunt of the impact. With growing populations and increasing demands on water resources, these countries urgently need access to climate change adaptation options. But the options in themselves are not enough. Developing nations also need assistance in identifying which options are appropriate for which situation, and how to incorporate these measures into their climate change adaptation strategies. This book is a guide to the most relevant adaptation technologies and practices for the water sector in developing countries. In addition to descriptions and explanations, the guidebook outlines practical steps for implementing these technologies, illustrated with case studies. It not only lays out institutional and capacity building requirements, but also explores costs and other potential barriers to getting projects off the ground. Finally, the text is supplemented by a rich list of references to
external sources and case studies.
We hope that this comprehensive approach will make this book an effective tool that will prove useful to water sector policy makers and planners. But we also hope that it will serve as a valuable resource at the community level for village and district authorities, NGOs, and anyone else interested in the topic. This guidebook is co-authored by Mark Elliott, Andrew Armstrong, Joseph Lobuglio and Jamie Bartram at the Water Institute of the University of North Carolina, in Chapel Hill, USA, an institution dedicated to critical global issues in water and health. Its director, Prof. Jamie Bartram, is an internationally acknowledged expert in this area, and served as the chair of UN Water from 2004 to 2006. Thanakvaro De Lopez of the UNEP Risø Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development (URC) coordinated the guidebook’s production. Sergios Santos, Director of Terrasystemics and an expert on adaptation planning with focus on Africa LDCs and small island states, and Sau Sisovanna, senior lecturer in climate change planning at the National University of Cambodia, provided many important comments
and suggestions. Their inputs were invaluable and deeply appreciated.
Technologies For Climate Change Adaptation
Preface:
The statistics are eloquent: water resources and supplies will become increasingly pressing issues in the face of climate change. What’s more, poor and vulnerable populations in developing countries are poised to take the brunt of the impact. With growing populations and increasing demands on water resources, these countries urgently need access to climate change adaptation options. But the options in themselves are not enough. Developing nations also need assistance in identifying which options are appropriate for which situation, and how to incorporate these measures into their climate change adaptation strategies. This book is a guide to the most relevant adaptation technologies and practices for the water sector in developing countries. In addition to descriptions and explanations, the guidebook outlines practical steps for implementing these technologies, illustrated with case studies. It not only lays out institutional and capacity building requirements, but also explores costs and other potential barriers to getting projects off the ground. Finally, the text is supplemented by a rich list of references to
external sources and case studies.
We hope that this comprehensive approach will make this book an effective tool that will prove useful to water sector policy makers and planners. But we also hope that it will serve as a valuable resource at the community level for village and district authorities, NGOs, and anyone else interested in the topic. This guidebook is co-authored by Mark Elliott, Andrew Armstrong, Joseph Lobuglio and Jamie Bartram at the Water Institute of the University of North Carolina, in Chapel Hill, USA, an institution dedicated to critical global issues in water and health. Its director, Prof. Jamie Bartram, is an internationally acknowledged expert in this area, and served as the chair of UN Water from 2004 to 2006. Thanakvaro De Lopez of the UNEP Risø Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development (URC) coordinated the guidebook’s production. Sergios Santos, Director of Terrasystemics and an expert on adaptation planning with focus on Africa LDCs and small island states, and Sau Sisovanna, senior lecturer in climate change planning at the National University of Cambodia, provided many important comments
and suggestions. Their inputs were invaluable and deeply appreciated.
Recommended Electrical Network Design For Efficient Plant And Energy Operations
Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) operators face major challenges. Water is the world’s most widely consumed product. Everywhere it is a strategic resource. Everywhere it needs to be carefully stewarded and managed to meet the challenges of:
• access to clean drinking water for all,
• water pollution and sustainable treatment,
• regulatory and environmental issues, even more stringent (exacting standards and regulations for water quality, energy conservation and reduced waste and emissions). WWTP designers and operators are at the forefront of the two first challenges. And they have to confront these challenges on a fiercely competitive, cost-constrained water market.
Recommended Electrical Network Design For Efficient Plant And Energy Operations
Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) operators face major challenges. Water is the world’s most widely consumed product. Everywhere it is a strategic resource. Everywhere it needs to be carefully stewarded and managed to meet the challenges of:
• access to clean drinking water for all,
• water pollution and sustainable treatment,
• regulatory and environmental issues, even more stringent (exacting standards and regulations for water quality, energy conservation and reduced waste and emissions). WWTP designers and operators are at the forefront of the two first challenges. And they have to confront these challenges on a fiercely competitive, cost-constrained water market.
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