Water Management
Managing Stormwater
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Management Of Brine Discharges To Coastal Waters Recommendations Of A Science Advisory Panel
Introduction:
Interest in desalination is high in California, where increasing populations and limitations to existing water supplies have spurred development of alternative sources derived from seawater desalination and reclamation of wastewater and groundwater. A few seawater desalination facilities are currently in operation in California (Table 1-1), but proposals for over 20 additional coastal facilities are under consideration (Cooley et al. 2006) with a potential total capacity approaching 500 mgd in 2030 (Bleninger and Jirka 2010). These include plants in Carlsbad, Camp Pendleton, Huntington Beach, Dana Point, Long Beach, El Segundo, Playa Del Rey, Oceano, Cambria, Marina, Sand City, Ocean View Plaza, Santa Cruz, Moss Landing, Montara, San Rafael, East Bay, and Crockett, with the largest of these proposed plants located in Southern California. The development and operation of these additional facilities will greatly increase the amount of desalination capacity and associated concentrate production in California.
Management Of Brine Discharges To Coastal Waters Recommendations Of A Science Advisory Panel
Introduction:
Interest in desalination is high in California, where increasing populations and limitations to existing water supplies have spurred development of alternative sources derived from seawater desalination and reclamation of wastewater and groundwater. A few seawater desalination facilities are currently in operation in California (Table 1-1), but proposals for over 20 additional coastal facilities are under consideration (Cooley et al. 2006) with a potential total capacity approaching 500 mgd in 2030 (Bleninger and Jirka 2010). These include plants in Carlsbad, Camp Pendleton, Huntington Beach, Dana Point, Long Beach, El Segundo, Playa Del Rey, Oceano, Cambria, Marina, Sand City, Ocean View Plaza, Santa Cruz, Moss Landing, Montara, San Rafael, East Bay, and Crockett, with the largest of these proposed plants located in Southern California. The development and operation of these additional facilities will greatly increase the amount of desalination capacity and associated concentrate production in California.
Effective Policies and Management of Water Supplies Utilizing Integrated Water Resources Management Frameworks in Saudi Arabia
• Most water challenges are political,economic,andsocial. If we can improve water governance using the integrated approach, we will get closer to a water-secure world.
• The purpose of the IWRM tools is to provide assistance in overcoming the largest obstacles to good water
governance.
• In an effort to encourage a move towards more sustainable approaches to water development and management, the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in 2002 called for all
countries to craft the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and water efficiency strategies by the end of 2005.
• This was emphasized again by the UN-world summit in 2015.
Effective Policies and Management of Water Supplies Utilizing Integrated Water Resources Management Frameworks in Saudi Arabia
• Most water challenges are political,economic,andsocial. If we can improve water governance using the integrated approach, we will get closer to a water-secure world.
• The purpose of the IWRM tools is to provide assistance in overcoming the largest obstacles to good water
governance.
• In an effort to encourage a move towards more sustainable approaches to water development and management, the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in 2002 called for all
countries to craft the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and water efficiency strategies by the end of 2005.
• This was emphasized again by the UN-world summit in 2015.
Baseline Analysis on Domestic Wastewater Management in the Wider Caribbean Region
INTRODUCTION
In the Wider Caribbean Region (WCR), improperly treated domestic wastewater can be a significant source of marine pollution and represents a threat to human health, sustainable development and marine resources. However, a tendency to the stagnation in the sanitation services is observed among many municipalities in the region as population's size and the economy are increased. Also, natural resources vital to economic growth are wasted or lost through misdirected urban policies and practices, and population overspill into areas less suitable for urban development, thus creating further pressure on these resources as urban sprawl increases, turning the town concerned into one large drain 1 . The environmental problems associated with uncontrolled urban development are particularly marked among the poorest urban sectors those with the worst housing and the most restricted access to public services. But the principal impact of unrestrained urban expansion is on the environment caused by pollution of inland and marine waters, exhaustion of water reserves, destruction of woodlands and fertile agricultural land, and encroachment on ecologically-productive territory (the ecological footprint). The severest effects are declining drinking water reserves and deteriorating housing quality, public health and sanitation services 2 . In WCR countries, an important sector of the population lives in coastal areas where sewerage systems are deficient and even absent in some cases and have illegal connections to the storm drains. The limited access to a basic sanitation by means of the domiciliary connection to a sewer system, low[1]cost household systems made up of septic tanks, dry latrine and with discharge of water, and to the simple pit latrine; as well as the shortage of sewage treatment plants in countries that have sewer systems causing risks to public health and the environment 3 . The pattern of sanitation cover in the region is extremely patchy in terms of its extent and treatment capabilities, reflecting sharp differences between the various countries in terms of culture and tradition, as well as degrees of socio-economic development; factors that significantly influence the lives of their populations and the environmental quality. The development of these services in the region over the last three decades compares quite favorably with other parts of the world. However, as regards to coverage, the absolute numbers are worrying, an estimated 100 million inhabitants (15% of those living in upstream coastal areas) have no access to sanitation services, while some 43% of the sewer system effluents receives some degree of treatment(pre-treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment, tertiary treatment or sewage discharges by means of submarine outfalls) 4 .
Baseline Analysis on Domestic Wastewater Management in the Wider Caribbean Region
INTRODUCTION
In the Wider Caribbean Region (WCR), improperly treated domestic wastewater can be a significant source of marine pollution and represents a threat to human health, sustainable development and marine resources. However, a tendency to the stagnation in the sanitation services is observed among many municipalities in the region as population's size and the economy are increased. Also, natural resources vital to economic growth are wasted or lost through misdirected urban policies and practices, and population overspill into areas less suitable for urban development, thus creating further pressure on these resources as urban sprawl increases, turning the town concerned into one large drain 1 . The environmental problems associated with uncontrolled urban development are particularly marked among the poorest urban sectors those with the worst housing and the most restricted access to public services. But the principal impact of unrestrained urban expansion is on the environment caused by pollution of inland and marine waters, exhaustion of water reserves, destruction of woodlands and fertile agricultural land, and encroachment on ecologically-productive territory (the ecological footprint). The severest effects are declining drinking water reserves and deteriorating housing quality, public health and sanitation services 2 . In WCR countries, an important sector of the population lives in coastal areas where sewerage systems are deficient and even absent in some cases and have illegal connections to the storm drains. The limited access to a basic sanitation by means of the domiciliary connection to a sewer system, low[1]cost household systems made up of septic tanks, dry latrine and with discharge of water, and to the simple pit latrine; as well as the shortage of sewage treatment plants in countries that have sewer systems causing risks to public health and the environment 3 . The pattern of sanitation cover in the region is extremely patchy in terms of its extent and treatment capabilities, reflecting sharp differences between the various countries in terms of culture and tradition, as well as degrees of socio-economic development; factors that significantly influence the lives of their populations and the environmental quality. The development of these services in the region over the last three decades compares quite favorably with other parts of the world. However, as regards to coverage, the absolute numbers are worrying, an estimated 100 million inhabitants (15% of those living in upstream coastal areas) have no access to sanitation services, while some 43% of the sewer system effluents receives some degree of treatment(pre-treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment, tertiary treatment or sewage discharges by means of submarine outfalls) 4 .
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