Plant Cell Wall Plasticity under Stress Situations

The primary purpose of the advisory document is to provide information and guidance to pool operators, authorised officers (also known as environmental health officers), pool consultants and other swimming pool industry stakeholders on the appropriate modern standards to design, operate and maintain healthy swimming pools and spa pools. The secondary purpose is to complement public health legislation, particularly the prescribed operating requirements in Schedule 1 to the Public Health Regulation 2012. Disinfection is critical to prevent the survival and growth of micro-organisms in swimming pools and spa pools. The quality of incoming water supply, efficient filtration, well designed circulation and distribution systems, and an optimum turnover rate to deliver clean clear water are equally important. Client hygiene management is also an important aspect of disease minimisation. Disease minimisation and water quality are the core themes of the advisory document.

On a hot summer day, who wouldn't want to jump into a cool and refreshing pool? And then, as the sun sets, what better way to relax than to slip into your own backyard spa -- summer or winter? But enjoying all that requires some regular attention. Remember, the water in your pool and spa is an ever-changing environment that calls for constant and careful monitoring. For some, this means hiring a professional service technician to come by once or twice a week. You can, however, take care of your pool and spa yourself. The need to treat water has been widely accepted for a long time. Sanitation, especially, is recognized as a means of controlling communicable diseases. The pool operator is expected to provide safe, clean water for bathers. More recently, however, the importance of mineral saturation, or 'water balance" as it is more popularly known, is recognized by those responsible for maintaining the pool and equipment. Water can become aggressive and destroy pools with corrosion, or it can become scaling and damage the pool with mineral deposits. The pool operator must learn about the use of chemical agents for sanitation and for control of pH, total alkalinity and calcium hardness. The operator is expected to protect both the swimmers and the pool itself. This chapter is written to present the necessary chemical treatments and sufficient background information to know when and how to use them.