Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration Membrane for Hospital Wastewater Treatment
Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration Membrane for Hospital Wastewater Treatment
Source: https://bioit.com/
ABSTRACT
A laboratory scale studies have been conducted at Analitika EcoLab Pvt.Ltd, Gwalior using reverse osmosis (RO) and ultra filtration (UF) membrane to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH4), nitrate nitrogen (NO3), total phosphorus (TP) and suspended and dissolved solids from hospital wastewater. Spiral wound polyamide and cellulose acetate membrane with pore size 0.001 µm for RO and 0.01 µm for UF and thickness of 0.002-0.003 mm were employed in the experimental unit. The experiments conducted were based on batch process condition. Hospital wastewater contained 200.00-235.00 mg/l of COD, 95.00-115.00 mg/l of BOD, 16.00 – 25.00 mg/l of TN, 7.00-11.00 mg/l of NH4, 0.00-0.10 mg/l of NO3, 3.90 – 4.50 mg/l of TP, and 320.00-365.00 mg/l of total suspended solids (TSS) and 525.00-575.00 mg/l of total dissolved solids (TDS).The inlet flow rate was kept between 10-14 l/hr for the pressure applied between the feed and permeate was varying accordingly. The percentage removal efficiency of COD and BOD were found to be more than 99.00 % for RO and more than 97.00 % for UF. The TSS and TDS were found to be removed almost 100.00 % for both the RO and UF unit. It is found that for polyamide membrane TN, NH4 and NO3 removal found to be 85.00 %, 95.00 %, 95.00 % respectively for UF and it were 90.00 %, 98.00 %, 96.00 % respectively for RO. The experimental results follow Indian drinking water standards for both the membrane filtration systems, but the performance of RO found to be much better than UF. Polyamide membrane found to be much better than cellulose acetate. To avoid membrane fouling, membrane cleaning had been done on daily basis. But, marginal effect of cleaning on the performance of RO and permeability were detected.
Keywords: Reverse osmosis, ultra filtration, hospital wastewater
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