Towards Decarbonising Transport 2023

Abstract: This study provides an overview of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) research trends in Indonesia from 1975 until April 2021. The systematic review compiled 272 articles related to the Sustainable Development Goals 6.1 and 6.2 in Indonesia, which were published in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The results showed that the water-related topic (41%) was discussed more often than sanitation (22%) or hygiene (13%). Furthermore, the social theme (39%) was dominantly found in all these articles, mostly finding determinants of WASH-related behavior. However, few WASH implementation studies or behavioral change interventions were recorded in Indonesia, suggesting a gap between science and policy or implementation. On the other hand, hygiene-related topics (14%) and WASH-related financial themes (6%) were the least studied in Indonesia. Combinations of topics (23%) and themes (15%) were also often conducted in Indonesia, suggesting that WASH researchers started to recognize the need to analyze WASH problems holistically, i.e., from multiple perspectives. In addition, the distribution of WASH research was still dominated in the central part of Indonesia, whereas the WASH-related problems, i.e., poor WASH services, and behavior, often occur in this area. This study also offers some research gaps, both in terms of topics, themes, and regional distribution, that need to be considered for the design of future WASH research in Indonesia.

ABSTRACT: The history of high recovery processing is one of high costs and limited markets. Beginning in about 2008, perceptions were that the marketplace could significantly increase due to new applications in the unconventional oil and gas industry. In addition, markets could grow due to increased interest in industrial water reuse and increased regulation of wastewater disposal. As a result, many companies began looking at ways to lower costs through development of alternative technologies or modification of existing technologies. The purpose of the project was to assess the status and potential of the technologies to impact high recovery processing. To do this, information was gathered about both the technologies and the companies involved in their development. The assessment was done twice over a period of two years in order to observe and document progress and changes. While various technical innovations have been made resulting reducing costs, there has been little impact on the marketplace. The perceptions of 2008 have not been realized and along with other reasons, the markets are still limited. The largest potential impact technology was reasoned to be high recovery RO systems