Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
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Wastewater Treatment
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Advanced wastewater treatment for separation and removal of pharmaceutical residues and other hazardous substances
The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has determined a need to introduce advanced treatment for pharmaceutical residues in wastewater. An additional benefit of such a treatment is that it would also include the treatment of other hazardous substances.The extent to which pharmaceutical residues risk becoming a problem depends on local conditions such as the sensitivity of the receiving waters. While this is an important variable to consider, the Swedish EPA believes that the sensitivity of the receiving waters should not be the only consideration when setting requirements for treatment. The amount of released pharmaceutical residues and long-term effects should also be considered in decision making and justification. The investment and operational costs of introducing advanced treatment depend in part on the size and current capacity of treatment facilities, which is why size limitations can be an additional consideration when setting requirements.
Advanced wastewater treatment for separation and removal of pharmaceutical residues and other hazardous substances
The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has determined a need to introduce advanced treatment for pharmaceutical residues in wastewater. An additional benefit of such a treatment is that it would also include the treatment of other hazardous substances.The extent to which pharmaceutical residues risk becoming a problem depends on local conditions such as the sensitivity of the receiving waters. While this is an important variable to consider, the Swedish EPA believes that the sensitivity of the receiving waters should not be the only consideration when setting requirements for treatment. The amount of released pharmaceutical residues and long-term effects should also be considered in decision making and justification. The investment and operational costs of introducing advanced treatment depend in part on the size and current capacity of treatment facilities, which is why size limitations can be an additional consideration when setting requirements.
Adsorption And Biological Filtration In Wastewater Treatment
Over the last few decades adsorption has gained paramount importance in industry and environmental protection. Adsorption processes are widely applied for separation and purification because of the high reliability, energy efficiency, design flexibility, technological maturity and the ability to regenerate the exhausted adsorbent. One method of important extending the adsorption treatment processes is biofiltration. The biological filter relies on the activities of the community of micro-organisms that become attached onto the filter media. Microbes oxidize organic matters in water to produce energy and therefore available nutrients sources in feed water are essential for their development. Biofiltration can effectively remove organic matter that is not able to be removed from water and biologically treated sewage effluent in conventional sewage treatment. The microbial attachment process, the factors that influence biological filtration, the kinetics of microbial growth and details of the microbial community in the biofilter are discussed in detail. There are several types of biofilters including submerged filters, trickling filter, bed filter, fluidised bed. The different biofilters are described and a comparison between them is provided. The application of biofilters for treating various types of wastewater effluent is detailed.
Adsorption And Biological Filtration In Wastewater Treatment
Over the last few decades adsorption has gained paramount importance in industry and environmental protection. Adsorption processes are widely applied for separation and purification because of the high reliability, energy efficiency, design flexibility, technological maturity and the ability to regenerate the exhausted adsorbent. One method of important extending the adsorption treatment processes is biofiltration. The biological filter relies on the activities of the community of micro-organisms that become attached onto the filter media. Microbes oxidize organic matters in water to produce energy and therefore available nutrients sources in feed water are essential for their development. Biofiltration can effectively remove organic matter that is not able to be removed from water and biologically treated sewage effluent in conventional sewage treatment. The microbial attachment process, the factors that influence biological filtration, the kinetics of microbial growth and details of the microbial community in the biofilter are discussed in detail. There are several types of biofilters including submerged filters, trickling filter, bed filter, fluidised bed. The different biofilters are described and a comparison between them is provided. The application of biofilters for treating various types of wastewater effluent is detailed.
Innovative Process for Granulation of Continuous Flow Conventional Activated Sludge
The objective of this presentation is to:
• Introduce Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS), including mechanisms for formation and benefits
• Present performance data for a Nereda® SBR pilot
• AECOM’s continuous-flow granular sludge process for BNR infra-stretching or footprint reductions
Innovative Process for Granulation of Continuous Flow Conventional Activated Sludge
The objective of this presentation is to:
• Introduce Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS), including mechanisms for formation and benefits
• Present performance data for a Nereda® SBR pilot
• AECOM’s continuous-flow granular sludge process for BNR infra-stretching or footprint reductions
Chemical Cleaning Of Ultrafiltration Membrane After Treatment Of Oily Wastewater
Abstract:
Oily wastewaters and Oil–in-water emulsions are two of the major pollutants of the environment. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes play an important role in the treatment and reuse of oily wastewaters. Fouling of UF membranes is typically caused by inorganic and organic materials present in wastewaters that adhere to the surface and pores of the membrane and result in the deterioration of performance with a consequent increase in energy costs and membrane replacement. In the experiments, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and outlet wastewater of the API (American Petroleum Institute) separator unit of Tehran refinery as membrane and feed were used, respectively. Fouling and cleaning experiments were performed with oily wastewater and selected cleaning agents using a laboratory scale cross flow test unit. The results showed that metal chelating agent (ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid disodium salt-2-hydrate (EDTA)) and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) were able to Clean the fouled UF membrane effectively by optimizing chemical (pH) and physical
(cleaning time, cross flow velocity (CFV) and temperature) conditions during cleaning. Flux recovery and resistance removal were found to improve with increasing CFV, temperature, pH, cleaning time and concentration of the cleaning chemicals. In this paper, the cleaning mechanism is also investigated.
Chemical Cleaning Of Ultrafiltration Membrane After Treatment Of Oily Wastewater
Abstract:
Oily wastewaters and Oil–in-water emulsions are two of the major pollutants of the environment. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes play an important role in the treatment and reuse of oily wastewaters. Fouling of UF membranes is typically caused by inorganic and organic materials present in wastewaters that adhere to the surface and pores of the membrane and result in the deterioration of performance with a consequent increase in energy costs and membrane replacement. In the experiments, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and outlet wastewater of the API (American Petroleum Institute) separator unit of Tehran refinery as membrane and feed were used, respectively. Fouling and cleaning experiments were performed with oily wastewater and selected cleaning agents using a laboratory scale cross flow test unit. The results showed that metal chelating agent (ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid disodium salt-2-hydrate (EDTA)) and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) were able to Clean the fouled UF membrane effectively by optimizing chemical (pH) and physical
(cleaning time, cross flow velocity (CFV) and temperature) conditions during cleaning. Flux recovery and resistance removal were found to improve with increasing CFV, temperature, pH, cleaning time and concentration of the cleaning chemicals. In this paper, the cleaning mechanism is also investigated.
Advanced Treatment Technologies For Recycle/Reuse Of Domestic Wastewater
Conventional wastewater treatment technologies improve the quality of wastewater discharged into the environment and restrain polluted waters from contaminating other available clean water resources. However, these treatment technologies do not make wastewater fit for further beneficial uses in communities closer to the points of generation. Innovative and advanced technologies that can further improve the quality of wastewater are needed to overcome this limitation of conventional technologies, and to promote widespread adoption of recycle and reuse practices. Advanced treatment processes can be biological processes, physicochemical processes, or a combination of both (hybrid processes). Biological processes to remove nutrient pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, provide the platform for further wastewater treatment to reusable quality. Physicochemical processes such as deep-bed filtration, floating media filtration, and membrane filtration, play a major role among treatment technologies for water reuse. Membrane filtration has significant advantages over other processes since they produce high quality effluent that requires little or no disinfection with minimum sludge generation. The hybrid processes attempt to obtain the benefits of both biological and physicochemical processes in one step.
Advanced Treatment Technologies For Recycle/Reuse Of Domestic Wastewater
Conventional wastewater treatment technologies improve the quality of wastewater discharged into the environment and restrain polluted waters from contaminating other available clean water resources. However, these treatment technologies do not make wastewater fit for further beneficial uses in communities closer to the points of generation. Innovative and advanced technologies that can further improve the quality of wastewater are needed to overcome this limitation of conventional technologies, and to promote widespread adoption of recycle and reuse practices. Advanced treatment processes can be biological processes, physicochemical processes, or a combination of both (hybrid processes). Biological processes to remove nutrient pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, provide the platform for further wastewater treatment to reusable quality. Physicochemical processes such as deep-bed filtration, floating media filtration, and membrane filtration, play a major role among treatment technologies for water reuse. Membrane filtration has significant advantages over other processes since they produce high quality effluent that requires little or no disinfection with minimum sludge generation. The hybrid processes attempt to obtain the benefits of both biological and physicochemical processes in one step.
Agricultural Wastewater Treatment
In many semiarid and arid countries, water is now becoming an increasingly limited resource and managers are forced to take into account sources of water that may be used economically and efficiently to encourage further development. Simultaneously, with the population increasing at a high rate, the requirement for increased production of food is apparent. The prospective for irrigation to increase both the agricultural productivity and living standards of the poor has long been acknowledged. Irrigated agriculture occupies nearly 17% of the total arable land in the world but the yield from this land includes about 34% of the world total. This perspective is even more distinct in arid areas like the Near East Region, where only 30% of the cultivated land is irrigated but it yields around 75% of total agricultural production. In the same area, more than 50% of the food necessities are imported and the increased rate in demand for the food surpasses the rate of an upsurge in agricultural production (Tunney et al., 2000).
Agricultural Wastewater Treatment
In many semiarid and arid countries, water is now becoming an increasingly limited resource and managers are forced to take into account sources of water that may be used economically and efficiently to encourage further development. Simultaneously, with the population increasing at a high rate, the requirement for increased production of food is apparent. The prospective for irrigation to increase both the agricultural productivity and living standards of the poor has long been acknowledged. Irrigated agriculture occupies nearly 17% of the total arable land in the world but the yield from this land includes about 34% of the world total. This perspective is even more distinct in arid areas like the Near East Region, where only 30% of the cultivated land is irrigated but it yields around 75% of total agricultural production. In the same area, more than 50% of the food necessities are imported and the increased rate in demand for the food surpasses the rate of an upsurge in agricultural production (Tunney et al., 2000).
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