Executive Summary
The City of Grand Ledge (City) retained Fishbeck to evaluate options for the replacement of the City’s existing iron removal treatment system. Fishbeck is evaluating three options as part of this process: the installation of a new iron removal system, the installation of a new softening system, and receiving water from the adjacent Lansing Board of Water & Light (LBWL) system. This report evaluates the second option, the installation of a new softening treatment system to replace the existing iron removal system. The City’s existing iron removal plant utilizes an AERALATER® Type II-Q Packaged Iron and Manganese Removal System by General Filter (Aeralater) for iron removal. The Aeralater is at the end of its useful life, and has significant signs of deterioration. The repair of the Aeralater system was investigated as part of a prior study completed by Fishbeck, which determined that repair of the Aeralater would be costly and would give a low return on investment. The City opted to move forward assuming that the Aeralater unit would need to be
replaced, rather than attempt to repair it.
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Industrial Water Treatment Operation And Maintenance
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT
1-1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE. This UFC provides an overview of industrial water treatment operations and management. As used in this UFC, the term “industrial water” refers to the water used in military power generation, heating, air conditioning, refrigeration, cooling, processing, and all other equipment and systems that require water for operation. Industrial water is not the same as potable water. Industrial water is never consumed or used in situations that require a high degree of sanitation. Industrial water requires water preparation or chemical treatment, or both, to avoid the problems described in paragraph
1-1.2. Water preparation and chemical treatment requirements are described in Chapters 2 through 5 according to the type of system in question. The Navy has special uses for shore-to-ship steam. The Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM) shore-to-ship steam purity standards are described in Chapter 3. Examples of industrial water systems and their uses are
• Steam Boiler Systems. (See Chapter 3.) Steam uses include space and hot water heating, sterilization, humidification, indirect food processing, and power generation.
• Cooling Water Systems. (See Chapter 4.) Cooling water is used in cooling towers, evaporative coolers, evaporative condensers, and once-through systems. Applications are broad, ranging from simple refrigeration to temperature regulation of nuclear reactors.
• Closed Water Systems. (See Chapter 5.) These include closed hot water, closed chilled water, and diesel jacket systems.
Industrial Water Treatment Operation And Maintenance
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT
1-1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE. This UFC provides an overview of industrial water treatment operations and management. As used in this UFC, the term “industrial water” refers to the water used in military power generation, heating, air conditioning, refrigeration, cooling, processing, and all other equipment and systems that require water for operation. Industrial water is not the same as potable water. Industrial water is never consumed or used in situations that require a high degree of sanitation. Industrial water requires water preparation or chemical treatment, or both, to avoid the problems described in paragraph
1-1.2. Water preparation and chemical treatment requirements are described in Chapters 2 through 5 according to the type of system in question. The Navy has special uses for shore-to-ship steam. The Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM) shore-to-ship steam purity standards are described in Chapter 3. Examples of industrial water systems and their uses are
• Steam Boiler Systems. (See Chapter 3.) Steam uses include space and hot water heating, sterilization, humidification, indirect food processing, and power generation.
• Cooling Water Systems. (See Chapter 4.) Cooling water is used in cooling towers, evaporative coolers, evaporative condensers, and once-through systems. Applications are broad, ranging from simple refrigeration to temperature regulation of nuclear reactors.
• Closed Water Systems. (See Chapter 5.) These include closed hot water, closed chilled water, and diesel jacket systems.
Finnish Industrial Wastewater Guide
Introduction:
This guide describes Finnish practices for managing industrial wastewater and provides instructions for drawing up an industrial wastewater agreement. The purpose of this guide is to provide support for all those who are involved in decision-making concerning the conveying of industrial wastewater to sewers and the safe treatment of it at municipal wastewater treatment plants. The guide describes the industrial wastewater related legislation currently valid in Finland, information on different types of industrial waters, instructions for preparing an industrial wastewater agreement, formula of increased fee, monitoring of industrial wastewater and practical examples of functional solutions. The guide describes the various stages in drawing up an industrial wastewater agreement and matters that have to be taken into account in preparing such an agreement. The aim of this guide is to provide as many concrete examples and
instructions as possible. However, when preparing an industrial wastewater agreement, it is always recommended to use case-specific discretion and take the local circumstances in account. The specific properties of industrial wastewater must be taken into account in the
industrial wastewater agreement. The quality of wastewater conveyed to the sewers has impacts on the occupational safety of the employees of the water utility, the condition of the sewerage network and equipment of the treatment plant, the operation of the
treatment process, the sludge quality and the state of the recipient water body. All these aspects must be taken into account in the agreement.
Finnish Industrial Wastewater Guide
Introduction:
This guide describes Finnish practices for managing industrial wastewater and provides instructions for drawing up an industrial wastewater agreement. The purpose of this guide is to provide support for all those who are involved in decision-making concerning the conveying of industrial wastewater to sewers and the safe treatment of it at municipal wastewater treatment plants. The guide describes the industrial wastewater related legislation currently valid in Finland, information on different types of industrial waters, instructions for preparing an industrial wastewater agreement, formula of increased fee, monitoring of industrial wastewater and practical examples of functional solutions. The guide describes the various stages in drawing up an industrial wastewater agreement and matters that have to be taken into account in preparing such an agreement. The aim of this guide is to provide as many concrete examples and
instructions as possible. However, when preparing an industrial wastewater agreement, it is always recommended to use case-specific discretion and take the local circumstances in account. The specific properties of industrial wastewater must be taken into account in the
industrial wastewater agreement. The quality of wastewater conveyed to the sewers has impacts on the occupational safety of the employees of the water utility, the condition of the sewerage network and equipment of the treatment plant, the operation of the
treatment process, the sludge quality and the state of the recipient water body. All these aspects must be taken into account in the agreement.
Best Management Practices for Industrial Water Users
Introduction:
The industrial water user should determine if implementation of each identified BMP measure to achieve water savings would be cost effective. The analysis should determine the cost effectiveness to the industrial water user of the lower direct costs of the saved water and other cost savings that may also accrue. Many operating procedures and controls that improve water use efficiency should be implemented simply as a matter of good practice. In other cases the industrial user may decide to implement BMPs based on non-cost factors such as public good will or political reasons. In evaluating equipment and process additions or changes, each industry should utilize its own criteria for making capital improvement decisions.
Best Management Practices for Industrial Water Users
Introduction:
The industrial water user should determine if implementation of each identified BMP measure to achieve water savings would be cost effective. The analysis should determine the cost effectiveness to the industrial water user of the lower direct costs of the saved water and other cost savings that may also accrue. Many operating procedures and controls that improve water use efficiency should be implemented simply as a matter of good practice. In other cases the industrial user may decide to implement BMPs based on non-cost factors such as public good will or political reasons. In evaluating equipment and process additions or changes, each industry should utilize its own criteria for making capital improvement decisions.
Industrial Pretreatment Programs
Pretreatment is the reduction of the amount of pollutants, the elimination of pollutants, or the alteration of the nature of pollutant properties in wastewater prior to, or in leu of, discharging or otherwise introducing such pollutants into a POTW. The reduction or alteration may be obtained by physical, chemical or biological processes, process changes or by other means, except as prohibited by 40 CFR 403.6(d)
Industrial Pretreatment Programs
Pretreatment is the reduction of the amount of pollutants, the elimination of pollutants, or the alteration of the nature of pollutant properties in wastewater prior to, or in leu of, discharging or otherwise introducing such pollutants into a POTW. The reduction or alteration may be obtained by physical, chemical or biological processes, process changes or by other means, except as prohibited by 40 CFR 403.6(d)
Water Treatment For Boilers
Benefits of water treatments
• Increase boiler efficiency
• Reduce fuel, operating and maintenance costs
• Minimize maintenance and downtime and
• Protect equipment from corrosion
• Extend equipment lifetime
Water Treatment For Boilers
Benefits of water treatments
• Increase boiler efficiency
• Reduce fuel, operating and maintenance costs
• Minimize maintenance and downtime and
• Protect equipment from corrosion
• Extend equipment lifetime
Boiler Water Treatment: Lessons Learned
Background
Enormous amounts of water are used daily in boiler water operations. However, water normally contains various levels of contaminants, dissolved solids (minerals) and dissolved gases. These contaminants cause major operational problems and damage to boilers unless they are removed or controlled on a continuing basis. Correct application of chemical treatment programs can eliminate many problems associated with boiler operations. But other problems can and do impact operations.
Boiler Water Treatment: Lessons Learned
Background
Enormous amounts of water are used daily in boiler water operations. However, water normally contains various levels of contaminants, dissolved solids (minerals) and dissolved gases. These contaminants cause major operational problems and damage to boilers unless they are removed or controlled on a continuing basis. Correct application of chemical treatment programs can eliminate many problems associated with boiler operations. But other problems can and do impact operations.
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