Water Treatment for Hemodialysis
Water Treatment for Hemodialysis 2
Source : https://www.researchgate.net/
Author : Gianni Cappelli
Paola Inguaggiato
Emiliana Ferramosca
Alberto Albertazzi
Introduction :
Water treatment represents a fundamental aspect of modern hemodialysis technology [1]. While at the beginning of chronic hemodialysis therapy, chemicals were major contaminants, over the last decade microbial contamination has become a major concern. Water supplied to hospitals is normally of a quality similar to that supplied to homes but its use in hemodialysis deserves further treatment as impurities can be responsible for many unwelcome acute side effects, including cramps, nausea, hypotension and fever. Water impurities have also resulted in epidemics of severe, occasionally fatal, disease in dialysis patients and can cause a range of clinical problems including anemia, bone disease, hyper- and hypotension, acidosis, muscle weakness, nausea, vomiting and neurological disturbance. Recently, chronic exposure to low levels of dialysate impurities has also been linked with malnutrition, heart disease and amyloidosis, which, in turn, are associated with reduced survival. Fatal or life-threatening mishaps still occasionally occur in the process of performing hemodialysis treatment.
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Introduction:
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