Process Design Guide for Small Wastewater Works
INTRODUCTION
The official starting date of this project was 1 April 2006 and the project was scheduled for completion in May 2008. However, due to the Project Steering Committee requesting the inclusion of material that was additional to that specified in the original proposal, the completion date for the project was extended to September 2008. The motivation for conducting such a project was based on the fact that 'A Guide to the Design of Sewage Purification Works' was first published in 1973 by the then Southern African Branch of the Institute for Water Pollution Control (IWPC) and over the years this useful reference document has become known as the 'Black Book'. This guide was revised and republished in 1987, the same year that the IWPC became the Institute of Water and Environmental Management and the same year in which the Water Institute of Southern Africa was formed.
Process Design Guide for Small Wastewater Works
INTRODUCTION
The official starting date of this project was 1 April 2006 and the project was scheduled for completion in May 2008. However, due to the Project Steering Committee requesting the inclusion of material that was additional to that specified in the original proposal, the completion date for the project was extended to September 2008. The motivation for conducting such a project was based on the fact that 'A Guide to the Design of Sewage Purification Works' was first published in 1973 by the then Southern African Branch of the Institute for Water Pollution Control (IWPC) and over the years this useful reference document has become known as the 'Black Book'. This guide was revised and republished in 1987, the same year that the IWPC became the Institute of Water and Environmental Management and the same year in which the Water Institute of Southern Africa was formed.
Tank Design and Operations
Storage and treating facilities are major elements of an oil terminal. It is both practical and economical to keep oil
wells flowing at a fairly constant rate, whereas it is not normally possible to maintain the same output rate at the point of sale/export. A large percentage of sales is on a batch basis (i.e. by marine tanker), hence the need for storage facilities in an oil terminal. Wellstream fluids invariably require some form of treatment to bring them within specification as a marketable product. Although some treatment does take place in the field, further processing and final conditioning of the sales products are done in the terminal, hence the need for treating facilities. With the exception of specialized wash tanks, all storage and treating functions are carried out in cylindrical steel tanks.
Tank Design and Operations
Storage and treating facilities are major elements of an oil terminal. It is both practical and economical to keep oil
wells flowing at a fairly constant rate, whereas it is not normally possible to maintain the same output rate at the point of sale/export. A large percentage of sales is on a batch basis (i.e. by marine tanker), hence the need for storage facilities in an oil terminal. Wellstream fluids invariably require some form of treatment to bring them within specification as a marketable product. Although some treatment does take place in the field, further processing and final conditioning of the sales products are done in the terminal, hence the need for treating facilities. With the exception of specialized wash tanks, all storage and treating functions are carried out in cylindrical steel tanks.