Modelling and Simulation of Human-Environment interactions
Computational models provide intelligent environmental decision support systems to understand how human decisions are shaped by, and contribute to changes in, the environment. These models provide essential tools to tackle the important issues raised by climate change, including migrations and conflicts due to resource scarcity (e.g., water resources), while accounting for the necessity of co-managing ecosystems across a population of stakeholders with diverse goals. Such socio-environmental systems are characterized by their complexity, which is reflected by an abundance of open questions.
Modelling and Simulation of Human-Environment interactions
Computational models provide intelligent environmental decision support systems to understand how human decisions are shaped by, and contribute to changes in, the environment. These models provide essential tools to tackle the important issues raised by climate change, including migrations and conflicts due to resource scarcity (e.g., water resources), while accounting for the necessity of co-managing ecosystems across a population of stakeholders with diverse goals. Such socio-environmental systems are characterized by their complexity, which is reflected by an abundance of open questions.
Microplastic in the Environment Pattern and Process
This open access book examines global plastic pollution, an issue that has become a critical societal challenge with implications for environmental and public health. This volume provides a comprehensive, holistic analysis on the plastic cycle and its subsequent effects on biota, food security, and human exposure. Importantly, global environmental change and its associated, systems-level processes, including atmospheric deposition, ecosystem complexity, UV exposure, wind patterns, water stratification, ocean circulation
Microplastic in the Environment Pattern and Process
This open access book examines global plastic pollution, an issue that has become a critical societal challenge with implications for environmental and public health. This volume provides a comprehensive, holistic analysis on the plastic cycle and its subsequent effects on biota, food security, and human exposure. Importantly, global environmental change and its associated, systems-level processes, including atmospheric deposition, ecosystem complexity, UV exposure, wind patterns, water stratification, ocean circulation
Land Surface Monitoring Based on Satellite Imagery
This book focuses attention on significant novel approaches developed to monitor land surface by exploiting satellite data in the infrared and visible ranges. Unlike in situ measurements, satellite data provide global coverage and higher temporal resolution, with very accurate retrievals of land parameters. This is fundamental in the study of climate change and global warming. The authors offer an overview of different methodologies to retrieve land surface parameters evapotranspiration, emissivity contrast and water deficit indices, land subsidence, leaf area index, vegetation height, and crop coefficient all of which play a significant role in the study of land cover, land use, monitoring of vegetation and soil water stress, as well as early warning and detection of forest fires and drought.
Land Surface Monitoring Based on Satellite Imagery
This book focuses attention on significant novel approaches developed to monitor land surface by exploiting satellite data in the infrared and visible ranges. Unlike in situ measurements, satellite data provide global coverage and higher temporal resolution, with very accurate retrievals of land parameters. This is fundamental in the study of climate change and global warming. The authors offer an overview of different methodologies to retrieve land surface parameters evapotranspiration, emissivity contrast and water deficit indices, land subsidence, leaf area index, vegetation height, and crop coefficient all of which play a significant role in the study of land cover, land use, monitoring of vegetation and soil water stress, as well as early warning and detection of forest fires and drought.
Interaction between Waves and Maritime Structures
This book is the result of a stimulating Special Issue of Water, focusing on the “Interaction between waves and Maritime Structures”. This broadly inclusive title allowed the gathering of articles on different topics of engineering concern, making the book appeal to both scientists and practical engineers. Original contributions on evergreen problems, such as wave overtopping at conventional and unconventional coastal structures, wave-induced pressures at vertical walls, hydraulic stability of rubble mound breakwaters and dynamics of crown-walls indeed represent the main core of the book; however, other intriguing research topics are also tackled, including the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations for biphase flows, the downscaling of large maritime structures in a physical lab, floating bodies mechanics and the numerical modeling of coastline evolution.
Interaction between Waves and Maritime Structures
This book is the result of a stimulating Special Issue of Water, focusing on the “Interaction between waves and Maritime Structures”. This broadly inclusive title allowed the gathering of articles on different topics of engineering concern, making the book appeal to both scientists and practical engineers. Original contributions on evergreen problems, such as wave overtopping at conventional and unconventional coastal structures, wave-induced pressures at vertical walls, hydraulic stability of rubble mound breakwaters and dynamics of crown-walls indeed represent the main core of the book; however, other intriguing research topics are also tackled, including the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations for biphase flows, the downscaling of large maritime structures in a physical lab, floating bodies mechanics and the numerical modeling of coastline evolution.
Estuaries and Coastal Zones
Estuaries and their surrounding wetland regions are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, and among the most populated, with more than half of humanity inhabiting their shores. Anthropogenic factors make estuaries highly susceptible to ecosystem degradation due to the influences of industrialization, overfishing, and pollution. Coastal waters are closely connected with human activity, and their dynamic processes may greatly affect coastal environments. It is believed that sea level rise can threaten coastal living conditions with higher probabilities of flooding and inundation, possibly amplified by local tidal changes in response to water level modifications.
Estuaries and Coastal Zones
Estuaries and their surrounding wetland regions are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, and among the most populated, with more than half of humanity inhabiting their shores. Anthropogenic factors make estuaries highly susceptible to ecosystem degradation due to the influences of industrialization, overfishing, and pollution. Coastal waters are closely connected with human activity, and their dynamic processes may greatly affect coastal environments. It is believed that sea level rise can threaten coastal living conditions with higher probabilities of flooding and inundation, possibly amplified by local tidal changes in response to water level modifications.
Environmental Barrier Coatings
The global increase in air travel will require commercial vehicles to be more efficient than ever before. Advanced engine hot section materials are a key technology required to keep fuel consumption and emission to a minimum in next-generation gas turbines. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are the most promising material to revolutionize gas turbine hot section materials technology because of their excellent high‐temperature properties. Rapid surface recession due to volatilization by water vapor is the Achilles heel of CMCs. Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) is an enabling technology for CMCs, since it protects CMCs from water vapor.
Environmental Barrier Coatings
The global increase in air travel will require commercial vehicles to be more efficient than ever before. Advanced engine hot section materials are a key technology required to keep fuel consumption and emission to a minimum in next-generation gas turbines. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are the most promising material to revolutionize gas turbine hot section materials technology because of their excellent high‐temperature properties. Rapid surface recession due to volatilization by water vapor is the Achilles heel of CMCs. Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) is an enabling technology for CMCs, since it protects CMCs from water vapor.
Construction and Demolition Waste
Due to the significant construction material demands for the rising number of buildings and urban infrastructure, the use of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) in building materials becomes a crucial issue for the sustainable development of our planet, especially in developing countries, where construction industry is growing very rapidly.
Construction and Demolition Waste
Due to the significant construction material demands for the rising number of buildings and urban infrastructure, the use of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) in building materials becomes a crucial issue for the sustainable development of our planet, especially in developing countries, where construction industry is growing very rapidly.
Crop Adaptation to Elevated CO₂ and Temperature
There is no ambiguity about the fact that both atmospheric CO2 levels and air temperatures are continuing to increase. It has only recently been recognized that the combination of these changes is likely to have a net negative impact on the production of many of our most important food crops.
Crop Adaptation to Elevated CO₂ and Temperature
There is no ambiguity about the fact that both atmospheric CO2 levels and air temperatures are continuing to increase. It has only recently been recognized that the combination of these changes is likely to have a net negative impact on the production of many of our most important food crops.
Corrosion and Degradation of Materials
The corrosion and degradation of materials, i.e., deteriorating materials via chemical/ electro-chemical reactions with their surrounding environments, is extremely common and costly.
Corrosion and Degradation of Materials
The corrosion and degradation of materials, i.e., deteriorating materials via chemical/ electro-chemical reactions with their surrounding environments, is extremely common and costly.
Conservation Tools, Protocols and Treatments on Painted Surfaces, Metal Leaves and Finishes in Cultural Heritage
The conservation of painted surfaces, metal leaves, and finishes requires a deep knowledge of both the materials themselves and the supports, in addition to the interaction phenomena occurring among them. Superficial treatments, operations, and materials adopted during the conservation intervention can modify the complex system of existing interactions.
Conservation Tools, Protocols and Treatments on Painted Surfaces, Metal Leaves and Finishes in Cultural Heritage
The conservation of painted surfaces, metal leaves, and finishes requires a deep knowledge of both the materials themselves and the supports, in addition to the interaction phenomena occurring among them. Superficial treatments, operations, and materials adopted during the conservation intervention can modify the complex system of existing interactions.
Conductive Polymers
Abstract: Intrinsically conductive polymers (CPs) combine the inherent mechanical properties of organic polymers with charge transport, opto-electronic and redox properties that can be easily tuned up to those typical of semiconductors and metals.
Conductive Polymers
Abstract: Intrinsically conductive polymers (CPs) combine the inherent mechanical properties of organic polymers with charge transport, opto-electronic and redox properties that can be easily tuned up to those typical of semiconductors and metals.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of Chemical Processes
The rise in computational capacity has allowed improved modeling and simulation capabilities for chemical processes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a useful tool for studying the performance of a process following geometrical and operational modifications.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of Chemical Processes
The rise in computational capacity has allowed improved modeling and simulation capabilities for chemical processes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a useful tool for studying the performance of a process following geometrical and operational modifications.
Application of Climatic Data in Hydrologic Models
Over the past few decades, global warming and climate change have impacted the hydrologic cycle. Many models have been developed to simulate hydrologic processes. Obtaining accurate climatic data on local/meso, and global scales is essential for the realistic simulation of hydrologic processes. However, the limited availability of climatic data often poses a challenge to hydrologic modeling efforts. Hydrologic science is currently undergoing a revolution in which the field is being transformed by the multitude of newly available data streams.
Application of Climatic Data in Hydrologic Models
Over the past few decades, global warming and climate change have impacted the hydrologic cycle. Many models have been developed to simulate hydrologic processes. Obtaining accurate climatic data on local/meso, and global scales is essential for the realistic simulation of hydrologic processes. However, the limited availability of climatic data often poses a challenge to hydrologic modeling efforts. Hydrologic science is currently undergoing a revolution in which the field is being transformed by the multitude of newly available data streams.
Advances in Wood Composites
Wood composites have shown very good performance, and substantial service lives when correctly specified for the exposure risks present. Selection of an appropriate product for the job should be accompanied by decisions about the appropriate protection, whether this is by design, by preservative treatment or by wood modification techniques.
Advances in Wood Composites
Wood composites have shown very good performance, and substantial service lives when correctly specified for the exposure risks present. Selection of an appropriate product for the job should be accompanied by decisions about the appropriate protection, whether this is by design, by preservative treatment or by wood modification techniques.