Executive Summary
An absolute reduction in emissions from the industry sector will require deployment of a broad set of mitigation options beyond energy efficiency measures (medium evidence, high agreement). In the last two to three decades there has been continued improvement in energy and process efficiency in industry, driven by the relatively high share of energy costs. In addition to energy efficiency, other strategies such as emissions efficiency (including e. g., fuel and feedstock switching, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS)), material use efficiency (e. g., less scrap, new product design), recycling and re-use of materials and products, product service efficiency (e. g., car sharing, maintaining buildings for longer, longer life for products), or demand reductions
(e. g., less mobility services, less product demand) are required in parallel (medium evidence, high agreement).