INTRODUCTION
The total solids content of natural o residual water is one of the most important physical parameters. The total solids are composed by floating materials, suspended solids, colloidal dispersion and dissolved solids. The total solids, or dry residue, can be categorized into suspended solids and filterable solids. The filterable solids fraction comprises colloidal and dissolved substances. The colloid fraction consists of particles with a diameter ranging from 10-3 to 1 m. Dissolved solids comprise organic and inorganic substances together with ions that are dissolved in water.
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Biological Biofilm Processes
•Used for removal of organic pollutants from wastewaters
•Biological treatment is popular due to:
–low cost
–effective in removal of a wide range of organic contaminants
–effective in removal of colloidal organics
–can remove toxic non-organic pollutants such as heavy metals
Biological Biofilm Processes
•Used for removal of organic pollutants from wastewaters
•Biological treatment is popular due to:
–low cost
–effective in removal of a wide range of organic contaminants
–effective in removal of colloidal organics
–can remove toxic non-organic pollutants such as heavy metals
Module 11: Administration of Water Treatment Plants
• Describe how water treatment plants comply with their minimum federal and state monitoring requirements.
• List the three ways in which management ensures that the staff complies with monitoring requirements.
• Discuss reporting requirements when complying with federal and state regulations.
Module 11: Administration of Water Treatment Plants
• Describe how water treatment plants comply with their minimum federal and state monitoring requirements.
• List the three ways in which management ensures that the staff complies with monitoring requirements.
• Discuss reporting requirements when complying with federal and state regulations.
Inorganic Contaminant Removal
The 2006 version of the Pa. DEP Inorganic Contaminant Removal module has detailed advanced treatment information on this topic and can be obtained by e-mailing the Pa. DEP Safe Drinking Water Training Section at DEPWSTechtrain@pa.gov to request a copy. This advanced module has additional information on the removal of various inorganic contaminants as well as on oxidation, ion exchange, activated alumina and sequestration. The 2006 document also includes more detailed information on the inorganic contaminant treatments of GAC (granular activated carbon), coagulation/filtration, membranes, and lime softening. It includes the following information:
- Inorganic contaminant treatment selection considerations
- Advanced inorganic contaminant removal chemistry terminology
- Advanced inorganic contaminant removal chemistry explanations
- Conventional filtration and how it relates to inorganic removal
- Detailed information on treatments for iron and manganese removal
- Detailed information on treatments for hardness removal
- Detailed information on inorganic contaminant monitoring protocols
- Detailed tables on the following topics:
- Sources of 26 inorganic contaminants
- Common secondary standards with effects, inorganic contributors and indications
- Various treatment technology options to consider for 24 inorganic contaminants
- Potential forms of iron and manganese
- Iron and manganese sampling procedures
- Iron and manganese oxidant selection criteria
- Iron and manganese theoretical (initial) dosing criteria
- Potential treatments for less common inorganics
- Potential treatments for miscellaneous trace metals
Inorganic Contaminant Removal
The 2006 version of the Pa. DEP Inorganic Contaminant Removal module has detailed advanced treatment information on this topic and can be obtained by e-mailing the Pa. DEP Safe Drinking Water Training Section at DEPWSTechtrain@pa.gov to request a copy. This advanced module has additional information on the removal of various inorganic contaminants as well as on oxidation, ion exchange, activated alumina and sequestration. The 2006 document also includes more detailed information on the inorganic contaminant treatments of GAC (granular activated carbon), coagulation/filtration, membranes, and lime softening. It includes the following information:
- Inorganic contaminant treatment selection considerations
- Advanced inorganic contaminant removal chemistry terminology
- Advanced inorganic contaminant removal chemistry explanations
- Conventional filtration and how it relates to inorganic removal
- Detailed information on treatments for iron and manganese removal
- Detailed information on treatments for hardness removal
- Detailed information on inorganic contaminant monitoring protocols
- Detailed tables on the following topics:
- Sources of 26 inorganic contaminants
- Common secondary standards with effects, inorganic contributors and indications
- Various treatment technology options to consider for 24 inorganic contaminants
- Potential forms of iron and manganese
- Iron and manganese sampling procedures
- Iron and manganese oxidant selection criteria
- Iron and manganese theoretical (initial) dosing criteria
- Potential treatments for less common inorganics
- Potential treatments for miscellaneous trace metals
Adsorbent Material Used In Water Treatment-A Review
Adsorption method of purify water relies mainly on the adsorbent to adsorb the impurities in the water, this paper introduces the latest research progress both at home and abroad, such as activated carbon, chitosan, zeolites, clay minerals plant-based, industrial waste . These adsorbent type will play a more and more important role in water treatment in the future.
Adsorbent Material Used In Water Treatment-A Review
Adsorption method of purify water relies mainly on the adsorbent to adsorb the impurities in the water, this paper introduces the latest research progress both at home and abroad, such as activated carbon, chitosan, zeolites, clay minerals plant-based, industrial waste . These adsorbent type will play a more and more important role in water treatment in the future.
Removal of Aluminium from Drinking Water
Aluminium in drinking water comes from natural sources and the alum used as coagulant in the water treatment process. Exposure to aluminium has been implicated in dialysis dementia, Parkinson and Alzheimer’s disease. Drinking water containing aluminium was considered to be one of the main sources of Al intake into human body. For this reason, the removal of aluminium from drinking water is vital to our health. In this study, removal of aluminium was carried out by using a chelating resin.
Removal of Aluminium from Drinking Water
Aluminium in drinking water comes from natural sources and the alum used as coagulant in the water treatment process. Exposure to aluminium has been implicated in dialysis dementia, Parkinson and Alzheimer’s disease. Drinking water containing aluminium was considered to be one of the main sources of Al intake into human body. For this reason, the removal of aluminium from drinking water is vital to our health. In this study, removal of aluminium was carried out by using a chelating resin.
Biological Processes Nitrogen & Phosphorus
. Knowledge about the processes of the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater by biological processes
. Knowledge about systems with enhanced biological treatment processes
Biological Processes Nitrogen & Phosphorus
. Knowledge about the processes of the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater by biological processes
. Knowledge about systems with enhanced biological treatment processes
Appropriate Technologies For Drinking Water Treatment In Mediterranean Countries
This paper aims at analyzing the drinking water issue in the Mediterranean region, highlighting the principal problems and the appropriate technologies applicable in the different countries. The countries of this area are characterized by a huge variety from social, cultural, economic and environmental point of view. In particular, water distribution is inhomogeneous between the North, East, and South; even the type of water sources and the related quantity and quality problems differ country by country. Potable water comes from brackish and seawater, surface water, groundwater and water reservoirs with each source face different issues. The main problem of brackish and seawater for example is the high salinity and the contamination by disinfection byproducts, in addition to the microbiological and chemical contamination due to human activities that characterize also other surface water sources. Groundwater is also affected by human activity and it is not exempted from salinity because of the water intrusion. Moreover, water reservoirs are often contaminated by seasonal algal blooms. Technologies applied for drinking water treatment vary country by country. The paper presents the main treatment processes
associated with the main water pollutants, according to the Mediterranean region. Case studies of drinking water treatment plants are also analyzed, presenting alternative technologies appropriate for specific contexts, among others. The characteristics of each specific context should be carefully analyzed in order to develop the most appropriate technologies; high-end technologies for drinking water treatment may not be applied equally to all countries or communities of the Mediterranean region.
Appropriate Technologies For Drinking Water Treatment In Mediterranean Countries
This paper aims at analyzing the drinking water issue in the Mediterranean region, highlighting the principal problems and the appropriate technologies applicable in the different countries. The countries of this area are characterized by a huge variety from social, cultural, economic and environmental point of view. In particular, water distribution is inhomogeneous between the North, East, and South; even the type of water sources and the related quantity and quality problems differ country by country. Potable water comes from brackish and seawater, surface water, groundwater and water reservoirs with each source face different issues. The main problem of brackish and seawater for example is the high salinity and the contamination by disinfection byproducts, in addition to the microbiological and chemical contamination due to human activities that characterize also other surface water sources. Groundwater is also affected by human activity and it is not exempted from salinity because of the water intrusion. Moreover, water reservoirs are often contaminated by seasonal algal blooms. Technologies applied for drinking water treatment vary country by country. The paper presents the main treatment processes
associated with the main water pollutants, according to the Mediterranean region. Case studies of drinking water treatment plants are also analyzed, presenting alternative technologies appropriate for specific contexts, among others. The characteristics of each specific context should be carefully analyzed in order to develop the most appropriate technologies; high-end technologies for drinking water treatment may not be applied equally to all countries or communities of the Mediterranean region.
Analysis of the Membrane Alternatives Suitable for Kvarnagården Water Treatment Plant.
In this study surveys to membrane manufacturers and water treatment plants regarding the performance of different membrane alternatives have been carried out from January to April 2012. The work has been done as a part of a study of the different membrane alternatives suitable for Kvarnagården Water Treatment Plant. Also in the study experiments regarding water quality parameters have been carried out at the water laboratory at Chalmers University of Technology. The project is carried out at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and is connected to the company VIVAB, the company in charge of Kvarnagården Water Treatment Plant.
Analysis of the Membrane Alternatives Suitable for Kvarnagården Water Treatment Plant.
In this study surveys to membrane manufacturers and water treatment plants regarding the performance of different membrane alternatives have been carried out from January to April 2012. The work has been done as a part of a study of the different membrane alternatives suitable for Kvarnagården Water Treatment Plant. Also in the study experiments regarding water quality parameters have been carried out at the water laboratory at Chalmers University of Technology. The project is carried out at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and is connected to the company VIVAB, the company in charge of Kvarnagården Water Treatment Plant.
Biofilm Control Study
Darigold operates a milk products facility in Lynden, Washington. Production processes include evaporation of milk, which generates what is referred to as condensate of whey (COW) water. COW water contains low molecular weight organic compounds including traces of lactic acid, alcohols, acetoin, and non-protein nitrogen (Möslang, 2017). COW water and non-contact cooling water from the Darigold Lynden facility are currently discharged to Outfall 001, which combines with stormwater and the City of Lynden’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharge to the Nooksack River through the City’s outfall. Darigold’s discharge is regulated under National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit No. WA0002470 administered by the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology). In the future, Darigold’s COW Water and non-contact cooling water will be directly discharged to the Nooksack River in a new outfall pipe (Outfall 002) currently being constructed by the City.
Biofilm Control Study
Darigold operates a milk products facility in Lynden, Washington. Production processes include evaporation of milk, which generates what is referred to as condensate of whey (COW) water. COW water contains low molecular weight organic compounds including traces of lactic acid, alcohols, acetoin, and non-protein nitrogen (Möslang, 2017). COW water and non-contact cooling water from the Darigold Lynden facility are currently discharged to Outfall 001, which combines with stormwater and the City of Lynden’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharge to the Nooksack River through the City’s outfall. Darigold’s discharge is regulated under National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit No. WA0002470 administered by the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology). In the future, Darigold’s COW Water and non-contact cooling water will be directly discharged to the Nooksack River in a new outfall pipe (Outfall 002) currently being constructed by the City.
Aerogel & Iron-Oxide Impregnated Granular Activated Carbon Media For Arsenic Removal
The goal of this project is to validate proof-of-concept testing for iron enriched granular activated carbon (GAC) composites (aerogel-GAC or iron-oxide impregnated) as a viable adsorbent for removing arsenic from groundwater and conduct technical and economic feasibility assessments for these innovative processes. Specific project objectives include: • Conduct batch experiments for aerogel-GAC and Fe-oxide impregnated GAC composites to evaluate their performance removing arsenic.
• Evaluate Fe-GAC media performance in rapid small scale column tests (RSSCTs) to assess arsenic removal in a more dynamic treatment system.
• Evaluate Fe-GAC potential for removal of other contaminants (e.g., methyl tertiary butyl ether, dissolved organic carbon).
• Characterize Fe-GAC media.
• Correlate performance and media characterization for possible selection of two media for a future second phase of this project.
Aerogel & Iron-Oxide Impregnated Granular Activated Carbon Media For Arsenic Removal
The goal of this project is to validate proof-of-concept testing for iron enriched granular activated carbon (GAC) composites (aerogel-GAC or iron-oxide impregnated) as a viable adsorbent for removing arsenic from groundwater and conduct technical and economic feasibility assessments for these innovative processes. Specific project objectives include: • Conduct batch experiments for aerogel-GAC and Fe-oxide impregnated GAC composites to evaluate their performance removing arsenic.
• Evaluate Fe-GAC media performance in rapid small scale column tests (RSSCTs) to assess arsenic removal in a more dynamic treatment system.
• Evaluate Fe-GAC potential for removal of other contaminants (e.g., methyl tertiary butyl ether, dissolved organic carbon).
• Characterize Fe-GAC media.
• Correlate performance and media characterization for possible selection of two media for a future second phase of this project.
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