Direct Surface Water Treatment
Direct Surface Water Treatment
Source: https://www.tudelft.nl
Prepared By: Prof.Dr.Ir. Luuk Rietveld
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Drinking Water Treatment
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Recommended Standards for Water Works
A Report of the Water Supply Committee of the Great Lakes--Upper Mississippi River Board
of State and Provincial Public Health and Environmental Managers
Recommended Standards for Water Works
A Report of the Water Supply Committee of the Great Lakes--Upper Mississippi River Board
of State and Provincial Public Health and Environmental Managers
A Large Review of the Pre Treatment
Introduction:
Desalination using seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) technology is an important option available to water-scarce coastal regions. Worldwide sea water desalination is a very effective and economical way of producing potable water for drinking and industries. Reverse osmosis plants to convert sea water to potable drinking water and for other usages have been prevalent throughout the world for more than 4 decades. Design and operation of seawater reverse osmosis plants strongly depend on the raw seawater quality to be treated. The performance of desalination reverse osmosis (RO) systems relies upon the production of high quality pre treated water, and the selection of the best pre treatment technology depends on the raw seawater quality and its variations. Number of full-scale experiences has shown that pre treatment is the key for this application of reverse osmosis technology. It is why during these last years, an import effort has been done to identify and to characterise the diverse organic and mineral components present in the seawater in a view to optimise the seawater pre-treatment and to develop advanced analytical methods for feed water characterization, appropriate fouling indicators and prediction tools. This Chapter describes firstly a comprehensive approach to characterize raw seawater samples through analytical tools which allow the knowledge of the characterization of seawater from many aspects: (a) inorganic content, (b) natural organic matter, (c) enumeration of micro-organisms and phytoplankton. Secondly, this Chapter describes the effect of each of these parameters on the fouling of the reverse osmosis membrane. Finally, this chapter describes the different possible pre treatments available to reduce or remove the elements or substances up-stream reverse osmosis stage.
A Large Review of the Pre Treatment
Introduction:
Desalination using seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) technology is an important option available to water-scarce coastal regions. Worldwide sea water desalination is a very effective and economical way of producing potable water for drinking and industries. Reverse osmosis plants to convert sea water to potable drinking water and for other usages have been prevalent throughout the world for more than 4 decades. Design and operation of seawater reverse osmosis plants strongly depend on the raw seawater quality to be treated. The performance of desalination reverse osmosis (RO) systems relies upon the production of high quality pre treated water, and the selection of the best pre treatment technology depends on the raw seawater quality and its variations. Number of full-scale experiences has shown that pre treatment is the key for this application of reverse osmosis technology. It is why during these last years, an import effort has been done to identify and to characterise the diverse organic and mineral components present in the seawater in a view to optimise the seawater pre-treatment and to develop advanced analytical methods for feed water characterization, appropriate fouling indicators and prediction tools. This Chapter describes firstly a comprehensive approach to characterize raw seawater samples through analytical tools which allow the knowledge of the characterization of seawater from many aspects: (a) inorganic content, (b) natural organic matter, (c) enumeration of micro-organisms and phytoplankton. Secondly, this Chapter describes the effect of each of these parameters on the fouling of the reverse osmosis membrane. Finally, this chapter describes the different possible pre treatments available to reduce or remove the elements or substances up-stream reverse osmosis stage.
Appropriate Technologies For Drinking Water Treatment In Mediterranean Countries
This paper aims at analyzing the drinking water issue in the Mediterranean region, highlighting the principal problems and the appropriate technologies applicable in the different countries. The countries of this area are characterized by a huge variety from social, cultural, economic and environmental point of view. In particular, water distribution is inhomogeneous between the North, East, and South; even the type of water sources and the related quantity and quality problems differ country by country. Potable water comes from brackish and seawater, surface water, groundwater and water reservoirs with each source face different issues. The main problem of brackish and seawater for example is the high salinity and the contamination by disinfection byproducts, in addition to the microbiological and chemical contamination due to human activities that characterize also other surface water sources. Groundwater is also affected by human activity and it is not exempted from salinity because of the water intrusion. Moreover, water reservoirs are often contaminated by seasonal algal blooms. Technologies applied for drinking water treatment vary country by country. The paper presents the main treatment processes
associated with the main water pollutants, according to the Mediterranean region. Case studies of drinking water treatment plants are also analyzed, presenting alternative technologies appropriate for specific contexts, among others. The characteristics of each specific context should be carefully analyzed in order to develop the most appropriate technologies; high-end technologies for drinking water treatment may not be applied equally to all countries or communities of the Mediterranean region.
Appropriate Technologies For Drinking Water Treatment In Mediterranean Countries
This paper aims at analyzing the drinking water issue in the Mediterranean region, highlighting the principal problems and the appropriate technologies applicable in the different countries. The countries of this area are characterized by a huge variety from social, cultural, economic and environmental point of view. In particular, water distribution is inhomogeneous between the North, East, and South; even the type of water sources and the related quantity and quality problems differ country by country. Potable water comes from brackish and seawater, surface water, groundwater and water reservoirs with each source face different issues. The main problem of brackish and seawater for example is the high salinity and the contamination by disinfection byproducts, in addition to the microbiological and chemical contamination due to human activities that characterize also other surface water sources. Groundwater is also affected by human activity and it is not exempted from salinity because of the water intrusion. Moreover, water reservoirs are often contaminated by seasonal algal blooms. Technologies applied for drinking water treatment vary country by country. The paper presents the main treatment processes
associated with the main water pollutants, according to the Mediterranean region. Case studies of drinking water treatment plants are also analyzed, presenting alternative technologies appropriate for specific contexts, among others. The characteristics of each specific context should be carefully analyzed in order to develop the most appropriate technologies; high-end technologies for drinking water treatment may not be applied equally to all countries or communities of the Mediterranean region.
A Study on the Introduction of Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Water Treatment Process
Today, we stand in front of a huge wave of change named the "Fourth industrial revolution." Key technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution include artificial intelligence, the Internet of Thing (IoT), cloud computing, big data analysis, etc. These technologies will lead to an intelligent information society, and platform services will change every aspect of society from economic and work. This paper proposes several introductions of Artificial Intelligence Technology to improve water management.
A Study on the Introduction of Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Water Treatment Process
Today, we stand in front of a huge wave of change named the "Fourth industrial revolution." Key technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution include artificial intelligence, the Internet of Thing (IoT), cloud computing, big data analysis, etc. These technologies will lead to an intelligent information society, and platform services will change every aspect of society from economic and work. This paper proposes several introductions of Artificial Intelligence Technology to improve water management.
Module 11: Administration of Water Treatment Plants
• Describe how water treatment plants comply with their minimum federal and state monitoring requirements.
• List the three ways in which management ensures that the staff complies with monitoring requirements.
• Discuss reporting requirements when complying with federal and state regulations.
Module 11: Administration of Water Treatment Plants
• Describe how water treatment plants comply with their minimum federal and state monitoring requirements.
• List the three ways in which management ensures that the staff complies with monitoring requirements.
• Discuss reporting requirements when complying with federal and state regulations.
Aerogel & Iron-Oxide Impregnated Granular Activated Carbon Media For Arsenic Removal
The goal of this project is to validate proof-of-concept testing for iron enriched granular activated carbon (GAC) composites (aerogel-GAC or iron-oxide impregnated) as a viable adsorbent for removing arsenic from groundwater and conduct technical and economic feasibility assessments for these innovative processes. Specific project objectives include: • Conduct batch experiments for aerogel-GAC and Fe-oxide impregnated GAC composites to evaluate their performance removing arsenic.
• Evaluate Fe-GAC media performance in rapid small scale column tests (RSSCTs) to assess arsenic removal in a more dynamic treatment system.
• Evaluate Fe-GAC potential for removal of other contaminants (e.g., methyl tertiary butyl ether, dissolved organic carbon).
• Characterize Fe-GAC media.
• Correlate performance and media characterization for possible selection of two media for a future second phase of this project.
Aerogel & Iron-Oxide Impregnated Granular Activated Carbon Media For Arsenic Removal
The goal of this project is to validate proof-of-concept testing for iron enriched granular activated carbon (GAC) composites (aerogel-GAC or iron-oxide impregnated) as a viable adsorbent for removing arsenic from groundwater and conduct technical and economic feasibility assessments for these innovative processes. Specific project objectives include: • Conduct batch experiments for aerogel-GAC and Fe-oxide impregnated GAC composites to evaluate their performance removing arsenic.
• Evaluate Fe-GAC media performance in rapid small scale column tests (RSSCTs) to assess arsenic removal in a more dynamic treatment system.
• Evaluate Fe-GAC potential for removal of other contaminants (e.g., methyl tertiary butyl ether, dissolved organic carbon).
• Characterize Fe-GAC media.
• Correlate performance and media characterization for possible selection of two media for a future second phase of this project.
Introduction to Water Treatment
This is an introduction to water treatment systems and technology. It is not a design manual or an exhaustive treatise. It is intended for engineers who are not regularly involved in water treatment projects, but who are interested in learning some of the basics involved. Criteria to be followed in determining the necessity for and the extent of treatment are discussed here, as are procedures applicable to the planning of water treatment projects.
Introduction to Water Treatment
This is an introduction to water treatment systems and technology. It is not a design manual or an exhaustive treatise. It is intended for engineers who are not regularly involved in water treatment projects, but who are interested in learning some of the basics involved. Criteria to be followed in determining the necessity for and the extent of treatment are discussed here, as are procedures applicable to the planning of water treatment projects.
Application of Water Quality Index and Water Suitability for Drinking of the Euphrates River within Al-Anbar Province, Iraq
In this study water quality was indicated in terms of Water Quality Index that was determined through summarizing multiple parameters of water test results. This index offers a useful representation of the overall quality of water for public or any intended use as well as indicating pollution, which are useful in water quality management and decision making. The application of Water Quality Index (WQI) with ten physicochemical water quality parameters was performed to evaluate the quality of Euphrates River water for drinking usage. This was done by subjecting the water samples collected from seven stations within Al-Anbar province during the period 2004-2010 to comprehensive physicochemical analysis.
Application of Water Quality Index and Water Suitability for Drinking of the Euphrates River within Al-Anbar Province, Iraq
In this study water quality was indicated in terms of Water Quality Index that was determined through summarizing multiple parameters of water test results. This index offers a useful representation of the overall quality of water for public or any intended use as well as indicating pollution, which are useful in water quality management and decision making. The application of Water Quality Index (WQI) with ten physicochemical water quality parameters was performed to evaluate the quality of Euphrates River water for drinking usage. This was done by subjecting the water samples collected from seven stations within Al-Anbar province during the period 2004-2010 to comprehensive physicochemical analysis.
Biological Biofilm Processes
•Used for removal of organic pollutants from wastewaters
•Biological treatment is popular due to:
–low cost
–effective in removal of a wide range of organic contaminants
–effective in removal of colloidal organics
–can remove toxic non-organic pollutants such as heavy metals
Biological Biofilm Processes
•Used for removal of organic pollutants from wastewaters
•Biological treatment is popular due to:
–low cost
–effective in removal of a wide range of organic contaminants
–effective in removal of colloidal organics
–can remove toxic non-organic pollutants such as heavy metals
Biofilm Control Study
Darigold operates a milk products facility in Lynden, Washington. Production processes include evaporation of milk, which generates what is referred to as condensate of whey (COW) water. COW water contains low molecular weight organic compounds including traces of lactic acid, alcohols, acetoin, and non-protein nitrogen (Möslang, 2017). COW water and non-contact cooling water from the Darigold Lynden facility are currently discharged to Outfall 001, which combines with stormwater and the City of Lynden’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharge to the Nooksack River through the City’s outfall. Darigold’s discharge is regulated under National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit No. WA0002470 administered by the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology). In the future, Darigold’s COW Water and non-contact cooling water will be directly discharged to the Nooksack River in a new outfall pipe (Outfall 002) currently being constructed by the City.
Biofilm Control Study
Darigold operates a milk products facility in Lynden, Washington. Production processes include evaporation of milk, which generates what is referred to as condensate of whey (COW) water. COW water contains low molecular weight organic compounds including traces of lactic acid, alcohols, acetoin, and non-protein nitrogen (Möslang, 2017). COW water and non-contact cooling water from the Darigold Lynden facility are currently discharged to Outfall 001, which combines with stormwater and the City of Lynden’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharge to the Nooksack River through the City’s outfall. Darigold’s discharge is regulated under National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit No. WA0002470 administered by the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology). In the future, Darigold’s COW Water and non-contact cooling water will be directly discharged to the Nooksack River in a new outfall pipe (Outfall 002) currently being constructed by the City.
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