Short-Circuit Power

Summary This report describes the advantages of using EDI for ultrapure water production for power plant boiler makeup water and microelectronics fabrication rinse water. Operating data is presented showing the advantages of EDI for these applications.

Introduction: This training is recommended for inspectors performing component design bases inspections (CDBIs) or other detailed inspections of electrical systems. Inspectors with demonstrated experience may be grandfathered in the completion of this training, if approved by the division director. Completion of technical proficiency-level training (Appendix C in IMC 1245) is strongly recommended before beginning this training. You may complete the requirements in this training standard along with the general proficiency requirements contained in Appendix B and the technical proficiency requirements in Appendix C. Objectives of Advanced-Level Training This training focuses on the activities necessary to fully develop individuals as lead or “experts” in the electrical inspection area. It is not the intent that all certified inspectors will complete all of the ISAs in this advanced appendix. In addition, this appendix should also be viewed as an inspector’s aid and could be used during an inspection to assist in inspecting a particular area.

Abstract: Electrodeionization (EDI) is a widely studied process ranging from applications in wastewater clean-up in the food and beverage industry to purifying organic compounds. To date, there are no apparent studies on applying this technology to produced wastewater recovered from hydraulic fracking sites. Water consumption within hydraulic fracturing sites can reach in the upwards of millions of gallons per site, so a need for a water recycling process becomes necessary within areas where water requirements are scarce. Implementation of an EDI module that is capable of handling high salt solutions from produced wastewater in subsequent fracturing practices will decrease overall water demands, making this an environmentally sustainable process as well. This study will focus on the selective removal of high concentrations of ions using ion-selective membranes and ion exchange wafers in Wafer-Enhanced Electrodeionization (WE-EDI) of hydraulic fracturing solutions for improved water recovery and reuse within industrial applications. Experiments were performed using a WE-EDI setup with varied wafer composition and thickness in comparison with electrodialysis for selective removal of divalent ions (Ca2+) over monovalent ions (Na+ ) from simulated and fracking solutions. Research sought to show that when increasing the wafer thickness and changing the composition (weak acid compared to strong acid resins) there would be a greater overall current efficiency observed and subsequently lower power consumption. This research concluded that there is some degree of enhanced selectivity with increased wafer size, as well as varied composition compared to a traditional ED system. Continued research is recommended to conclude uncertainties, eliminate areas of system performance error and to further solidify all hypothesizes within this research.

Introduction: Design calculations establish minimum guidelines and requirements for generating electrical calculations on projects. Electrical calculations should be made for all SPU projects that include electrical components and should be filed in the project notebook. Design calculations may be made either manually or by SPU-approved computer programs