Environmental Engineering
Smart, Sustainable, Green Cities: A State-of-the-Art Review
Smart, Sustainable, Green Cities A State-of-the-Art Review
Source: https://www.mdpi.com
Edited by: Vahid Javidroozi , Claudia Carter, Michael Grace and Hanifa Shah
Abstract: This state-of-the-art review paper aims to provide an overview of the current research on three categories of liveable cities, Smart, Sustainable, and Green (SSG). It explores how the discussions about these three categories have been brought together in the literature and identifies an integrated approach to developing more liveable cities of the future. The paper begins by introducing the research topic and methodology, setting out a broad definition for SSG cities as a starting point.
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Tunnel construction is expensive when compared to the construction of other
engineering structures. Detailed surveys indicate that the cost of a tunnel support
system ranges between 30 and 50 percent of the total project cost, and can sometimes
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efficiency of rock load estimation and support design. In other words, the selection
of a support system or systems suitable for rock mass conditions encountered during
construction processes plays an important role in reducing project costs. Methods
based on rock-support interaction introduce rational solutions for economical and
safe tunneling because they provide a good combination of design and construction
processes.
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