Electrical & Automation
Automation And Control Volume 3 Programming Requirements
The requirements set forth within this document, and related documents, define the minimum requirements acceptable to the City of London. All applications are in the environment of water distribution, wastewater collection and wastewater treatment facilities. Thus, the environment is harsh, possibly prone to hydrogen sulphide contamination in the air and high condensing humidity (resulting in mild sulphuric acid precipitants) and/or low levels of free chlorine. Allowable deviations shall be specifically and categorically stated within the tender package (or request for proposal). The terms “installed” and “supplied” are used interchangeable within this standard and both terms include the supply, installation and commissioning of the stated item.
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Concept of SCADA System
SCADA is an acronym for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
❑ Data Acquisition :
Gathers information from widely distributed processes
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Calculate and give limited control instructions to distant process facilities
Concept of SCADA System
SCADA is an acronym for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
❑ Data Acquisition :
Gathers information from widely distributed processes
❑ Supervisory Control :
Calculate and give limited control instructions to distant process facilities
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This report describes the advantages of using EDI for ultrapure water production for power plant boiler makeup water and microelectronics fabrication rinse water. Operating data is presented showing the advantages of EDI for these applications.
Electrodeionization versus Electrodialysis: A Clean- Up of Produced Water in Hydraulic Fracturing
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Electrodeionization (EDI) is a widely studied process ranging from applications in wastewater clean-up in the food and beverage industry to purifying organic compounds. To date, there are no apparent studies on applying this technology to produced wastewater recovered from hydraulic fracking sites. Water consumption within hydraulic fracturing sites can reach in the upwards of millions of gallons per site, so a need for a water recycling process becomes necessary within areas where water requirements are scarce. Implementation of an EDI module that is capable of handling high salt solutions from produced wastewater in subsequent fracturing practices will decrease overall water demands, making this an environmentally sustainable process as well. This study will focus on the selective removal of high concentrations of ions using ion-selective membranes and ion exchange wafers in Wafer-Enhanced Electrodeionization (WE-EDI) of hydraulic fracturing solutions for improved water recovery and reuse within industrial applications. Experiments were performed using a WE-EDI setup with varied wafer composition and thickness in comparison with electrodialysis for selective removal of divalent ions (Ca2+) over monovalent ions (Na+ ) from simulated and fracking solutions. Research sought to show that when increasing the wafer thickness and changing the composition (weak acid compared to strong acid resins) there would be a greater overall current efficiency observed and subsequently lower power consumption. This research concluded that there is some degree of enhanced selectivity with increased wafer size, as well as varied composition compared to a traditional ED system. Continued research is recommended to conclude uncertainties, eliminate areas of system performance error and to further solidify all hypothesizes within this research.
Electrodeionization versus Electrodialysis: A Clean- Up of Produced Water in Hydraulic Fracturing
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