Environmental Technologies to Treat Sulfur Pollution

Introduction: Sustainable water and wastewater services are critical to providing the American public with clean and safe water and helping ensure the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of the communities that utilities serve. Utilities across the country face tremendous challenges, such as aging infrastructure, an aging workforce, increasing mandates, and competing priorities within the communities they serve. The purpose of this document is to assist utility leaders with implementing proven and effective practices over time to improve their operations and move toward sustainability, at a pace consistent with their needs and the needs of their communities. It provides utility leaders with a cohesive structure to help them address various challenges proactively and with confidence. The practices described in this document reflect the lessons learned and the practical experience utilities have derived as they have improved their operations. A utility can use this document to identify specific opportunities for improvement and draw on the example practices to create an individualized “roadmap” to more sustainable operations.

Tunnel construction is expensive when compared to the construction of other engineering structures. Detailed surveys indicate that the cost of a tunnel support system ranges between 30 and 50 percent of the total project cost, and can sometimes reach upwards of 70 percent. Currently, theoretical studies and experiences obtained from large projects indicate that costs can be reduced by increasing the efficiency of rock load estimation and support design. In other words, the selection of a support system or systems suitable for rock mass conditions encountered during construction processes plays an important role in reducing project costs. Methods based on rock-support interaction introduce rational solutions for economical and safe tunneling because they provide a good combination of design and construction processes.

The Muna Consortium (Mediterranean and Middle East University Network Agreement) was founded in 2015 and renewed in 2021, when 30 Uni­versities coming from all Countries of Mediterranean area and some others from Middle East signed the Fra­mework Agreement. As written in the Framework Agreement, also in this Muna space in the CUCS Conference, we propo­se three different main themes: MARE NOSTRUM (our Sea, the Mediterranean), PERSONA (Man) and ORBIS (the Earth), to summarize the proposals of Co­operation between Muna Network Universities. The first session is dedicated to the field of ORBIS to share the sustainability, through the biodiversity as a key ele­ment for the development of soil in different aspects as agricolture, fauna and flora sustainable management, with impact in the field of veterinary. Neverthless, a focus is also related to the inclusion and integration in the sustainable cities during this time of pandemia and migration flows with regard to the problem of clima changes in the Mediterranean area.

Heavy metals are a group of metals and metalloids that includes transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. When released into water, these elements have toxic effects on water quality and surface sediments, affecting environmental parameters such as pH and temperature. Therefore, metals that are harmful to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems pose a significant threat to plants, animals, and human health. As such, there is increased interest in mitigating the harmful environmental impacts of heavy metals. This book provides a comprehensive overview of heavy metals, their impacts on water, soil, food crops, and cosmetics, and techniques for their remediation. It is organized into three sections: “Heavy Metals and Their Effects on the Environment,” “Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Their Risks to Irrigation Water,” and “Remediation of Heavy Metals.