Guidelines For Drinking-Water Quality Management For New Zealand Chapter 7: Virological Compliance
Introduction :
There are more than 140 different types of human enteric viruses that may contaminate potable source waters. These include several important groups: Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis E virus, norovirus, enterovirus and adenovirus, that have been associated with waterborne illness and are capable of causing severe, and in some cases fatal, infections. Individual datasheets have been prepared for the more important viruses.
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, which means they cannot grow or multiply outside their host. Viruses simply consist of a nucleic acid genome (either ribonucleic acid [RNA] or deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA]) surrounded by a protein capsid and, in some cases, a lipoprotein envelope. These viruses are very small, ranging from 20–80 nm (0.02–0.08 micrometres) in diameter; see Figure 4.2 in Chapter 4 to gain a perspective of their size.
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