Operation & Maintenance
Laser Pulse Phenomena And Applications
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Flexible Design and Operation of Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) Desalination Process Subject to Variable Fouling and Variable Freshwater Demand
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This work describes how the design and operation parameters of the Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) desalination process are optimised when the process is subject to variation in seawater temperature, fouling and freshwater demand throughout the day. A simple polynomial based dynamic seawater temperature and variable freshwater demand correlations are developed based on actual data which are incorporated in the MSF mathematical model using gPROMS models builder 3.0.3. In addition, a fouling model based on stage temperature is considered. The fouling and the effect of noncondensable gases are incorporated into the calculation of overall heat transfer co-efficient for condensers. Finally, an optimisation problem is developed where the total daily operating cost of the MSF process is minimised by optimising the design (no of stages) and the operating (seawater rejected flowrate and brine recycle flowrate) parameters.
Flexible Design and Operation of Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) Desalination Process Subject to Variable Fouling and Variable Freshwater Demand
Abstract:
This work describes how the design and operation parameters of the Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) desalination process are optimised when the process is subject to variation in seawater temperature, fouling and freshwater demand throughout the day. A simple polynomial based dynamic seawater temperature and variable freshwater demand correlations are developed based on actual data which are incorporated in the MSF mathematical model using gPROMS models builder 3.0.3. In addition, a fouling model based on stage temperature is considered. The fouling and the effect of noncondensable gases are incorporated into the calculation of overall heat transfer co-efficient for condensers. Finally, an optimisation problem is developed where the total daily operating cost of the MSF process is minimised by optimising the design (no of stages) and the operating (seawater rejected flowrate and brine recycle flowrate) parameters.
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Most commercially available reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes are based on the thin film composite (TFC) aromatic polyamide membranes. However, they have several disadvantages including low resistance to fouling, low chemical and thermal stabilities and limited chlorine tolerance. To address these problems, advanced RO/NF membranes are being developed from polyimides for water and wastewater treatments. The following three projects have resulted from my research.
Design Of Advanced Reverse Osmosis And Nanofiltration Membranes For Water Purification
ABSTRACT:
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Design Criteria For Sewers And Watermains
Introduction
We have written 'Design Criteria for Sewers and Watermains' manual for City of Toronto staff and consulting engineers. The purpose of this manual is to ensure there is consistency in our operations. Clients—that’s you—want to be instructed in the same way each time you come to us, regardless of which office you may visit. This manual will help ensure that the information provided by staff is the same in all offices.
This manual is written for City staff and consulting engineers working on capital improvement projects and for consulting engineers working for the development industry preparing engineering designs and drawings for private developments. It can also serve as a reference for third parties designing transit infrastructure, underground utilities, and any other works located within a city right-of-way, located in close proximity to City sewers and watermains. This manual takes you step by step through all the criteria you will need in the design of a sewer or watermain and the requirements for submission. If you are going to be preparing a servicing study or designing a sewer or watermain in the city of Toronto, this manual is for you. This manual is available in both print and online formats.
Design Criteria For Sewers And Watermains
Introduction
We have written 'Design Criteria for Sewers and Watermains' manual for City of Toronto staff and consulting engineers. The purpose of this manual is to ensure there is consistency in our operations. Clients—that’s you—want to be instructed in the same way each time you come to us, regardless of which office you may visit. This manual will help ensure that the information provided by staff is the same in all offices.
This manual is written for City staff and consulting engineers working on capital improvement projects and for consulting engineers working for the development industry preparing engineering designs and drawings for private developments. It can also serve as a reference for third parties designing transit infrastructure, underground utilities, and any other works located within a city right-of-way, located in close proximity to City sewers and watermains. This manual takes you step by step through all the criteria you will need in the design of a sewer or watermain and the requirements for submission. If you are going to be preparing a servicing study or designing a sewer or watermain in the city of Toronto, this manual is for you. This manual is available in both print and online formats.
Handbook-for-The-operation-of-Water-Treatment-Works
The term “water quality” describes the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of water. These properties collectively determine the overall water quality and the fitness of the water for a specific use. These properties are either intrinsic to the water or are the result of substances that are dissolved or suspended in the water. Water quality is only meaningful when evaluated in relation to the use of the water. The reason is that water of a certain quality may be fit for a specific use, but completely unfit for another use. For example, water that is fit for human consumption may not be fit as boiler feed water because the dissolved inorganic salts that are acceptable in drinking water, are not tolerated in boiler feed water, since they may precipitate and cause blockages in the boiler equipment. Water that is fit for domestic use (drinking water) must comply with specific requirements. The most important requirement is that it must be safe to drink.
Handbook-for-The-operation-of-Water-Treatment-Works
The term “water quality” describes the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of water. These properties collectively determine the overall water quality and the fitness of the water for a specific use. These properties are either intrinsic to the water or are the result of substances that are dissolved or suspended in the water. Water quality is only meaningful when evaluated in relation to the use of the water. The reason is that water of a certain quality may be fit for a specific use, but completely unfit for another use. For example, water that is fit for human consumption may not be fit as boiler feed water because the dissolved inorganic salts that are acceptable in drinking water, are not tolerated in boiler feed water, since they may precipitate and cause blockages in the boiler equipment. Water that is fit for domestic use (drinking water) must comply with specific requirements. The most important requirement is that it must be safe to drink.
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