Microplastics In The Freshwater Environment
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Module 13: General Administration of Wastewater Treatment Plants
.List the types of data collected at a plant.
.Analyze typical plant data.
.Describe methods for presenting plant data.
.Explain the frequency and types of reports utilized at a plant.
Module 13: General Administration of Wastewater Treatment Plants
.List the types of data collected at a plant.
.Analyze typical plant data.
.Describe methods for presenting plant data.
.Explain the frequency and types of reports utilized at a plant.
A study on The Removal of Some Phenolic Compounds from Wastewater
ABSTRACT:
The removal by means of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) is an attractive option for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing phenolic compounds in an environmental . The present work would summarize some AOPs technologies focusing only on heterogeneous catalytic removal of phenol and highlighting the catalysts activity and reaction conditions. The catalysts used were H ZSM-5,H-Mordenite and Bentonite. H-ZSM-5,H-Mordenite doped with Platinum (Pt) were prepared and characterized by using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermal analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, High Resolution Transmission electron microscopy, pluse titration measurements, nitrogen adsorption desorption at -196°C. the experimental parameters affecting the removal efficiency were time, temperature, pH, initial phenol concentrations, catalyst dose and the effect of irradiating with Ultraviolet (UV –C) were studied . The optimum conditions for the removal of each catalyst were investigated .
A study on The Removal of Some Phenolic Compounds from Wastewater
ABSTRACT:
The removal by means of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) is an attractive option for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing phenolic compounds in an environmental . The present work would summarize some AOPs technologies focusing only on heterogeneous catalytic removal of phenol and highlighting the catalysts activity and reaction conditions. The catalysts used were H ZSM-5,H-Mordenite and Bentonite. H-ZSM-5,H-Mordenite doped with Platinum (Pt) were prepared and characterized by using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermal analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, High Resolution Transmission electron microscopy, pluse titration measurements, nitrogen adsorption desorption at -196°C. the experimental parameters affecting the removal efficiency were time, temperature, pH, initial phenol concentrations, catalyst dose and the effect of irradiating with Ultraviolet (UV –C) were studied . The optimum conditions for the removal of each catalyst were investigated .
Chemical Cleaning Of Ultrafiltration Membrane After Treatment Of Oily Wastewater
Abstract:
Oily wastewaters and Oil–in-water emulsions are two of the major pollutants of the environment. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes play an important role in the treatment and reuse of oily wastewaters. Fouling of UF membranes is typically caused by inorganic and organic materials present in wastewaters that adhere to the surface and pores of the membrane and result in the deterioration of performance with a consequent increase in energy costs and membrane replacement. In the experiments, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and outlet wastewater of the API (American Petroleum Institute) separator unit of Tehran refinery as membrane and feed were used, respectively. Fouling and cleaning experiments were performed with oily wastewater and selected cleaning agents using a laboratory scale cross flow test unit. The results showed that metal chelating agent (ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid disodium salt-2-hydrate (EDTA)) and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) were able to Clean the fouled UF membrane effectively by optimizing chemical (pH) and physical
(cleaning time, cross flow velocity (CFV) and temperature) conditions during cleaning. Flux recovery and resistance removal were found to improve with increasing CFV, temperature, pH, cleaning time and concentration of the cleaning chemicals. In this paper, the cleaning mechanism is also investigated.
Chemical Cleaning Of Ultrafiltration Membrane After Treatment Of Oily Wastewater
Abstract:
Oily wastewaters and Oil–in-water emulsions are two of the major pollutants of the environment. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes play an important role in the treatment and reuse of oily wastewaters. Fouling of UF membranes is typically caused by inorganic and organic materials present in wastewaters that adhere to the surface and pores of the membrane and result in the deterioration of performance with a consequent increase in energy costs and membrane replacement. In the experiments, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and outlet wastewater of the API (American Petroleum Institute) separator unit of Tehran refinery as membrane and feed were used, respectively. Fouling and cleaning experiments were performed with oily wastewater and selected cleaning agents using a laboratory scale cross flow test unit. The results showed that metal chelating agent (ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid disodium salt-2-hydrate (EDTA)) and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) were able to Clean the fouled UF membrane effectively by optimizing chemical (pH) and physical
(cleaning time, cross flow velocity (CFV) and temperature) conditions during cleaning. Flux recovery and resistance removal were found to improve with increasing CFV, temperature, pH, cleaning time and concentration of the cleaning chemicals. In this paper, the cleaning mechanism is also investigated.
Advanced wastewater treatment for separation and removal of pharmaceutical residues and other hazardous substances
The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has determined a need to introduce advanced treatment for pharmaceutical residues in wastewater. An additional benefit of such a treatment is that it would also include the treatment of other hazardous substances.The extent to which pharmaceutical residues risk becoming a problem depends on local conditions such as the sensitivity of the receiving waters. While this is an important variable to consider, the Swedish EPA believes that the sensitivity of the receiving waters should not be the only consideration when setting requirements for treatment. The amount of released pharmaceutical residues and long-term effects should also be considered in decision making and justification. The investment and operational costs of introducing advanced treatment depend in part on the size and current capacity of treatment facilities, which is why size limitations can be an additional consideration when setting requirements.
Advanced wastewater treatment for separation and removal of pharmaceutical residues and other hazardous substances
The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has determined a need to introduce advanced treatment for pharmaceutical residues in wastewater. An additional benefit of such a treatment is that it would also include the treatment of other hazardous substances.The extent to which pharmaceutical residues risk becoming a problem depends on local conditions such as the sensitivity of the receiving waters. While this is an important variable to consider, the Swedish EPA believes that the sensitivity of the receiving waters should not be the only consideration when setting requirements for treatment. The amount of released pharmaceutical residues and long-term effects should also be considered in decision making and justification. The investment and operational costs of introducing advanced treatment depend in part on the size and current capacity of treatment facilities, which is why size limitations can be an additional consideration when setting requirements.
Module 8: Overview of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes
• Identify the source and general types of wastewater odors.
• List three potential impacts of odors.
• List three factors affecting the existence of odors.
• Name a commonly used method to reduce odors from wastewater.
• Describe three methods for solving odor problems in air.
Module 8: Overview of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes
• Identify the source and general types of wastewater odors.
• List three potential impacts of odors.
• List three factors affecting the existence of odors.
• Name a commonly used method to reduce odors from wastewater.
• Describe three methods for solving odor problems in air.
Module 15: The Activated Sludge Process – Part 1
•Describe the activated sludge process and its control variables.
•List List three types of activated sludge treatment plants.
Module 15: The Activated Sludge Process – Part 1
•Describe the activated sludge process and its control variables.
•List List three types of activated sludge treatment plants.
Advanced Wastewater Treatment By Nanofiltration And Activated Carbon For High Quality Water Reuse
Hybrid processes combining activated carbon and nanofiltration have been studied to identify the optimum solution for advanced wastewater treatment in high quality water reclamation and reuse. With a focus on the removal of bulk and trace organic compounds the investigation identified three promising process combinations, namely powdered activated carbon followed by nanofiltration (PAC/NF), granular activated carbon followed by nanofiltration (GAC/NF) and nanofiltration followed by granular activated carbon (NF/GAC). The removal potential was examined in lab and pilot scale for a range of refractory pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals typically detected in effluent in trace concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. Fluorescence excitation emission spectroscopy was employed for the investigation of the fate of effluent organic matter. The optimum strategies for operation of the hybrid processes were determined in pilot scale. The experiments were conducted at the Wastewater Treatment Plant Aachen Soers providing an effluent of high quality with low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of about 5 mg/L.
Advanced Wastewater Treatment By Nanofiltration And Activated Carbon For High Quality Water Reuse
Hybrid processes combining activated carbon and nanofiltration have been studied to identify the optimum solution for advanced wastewater treatment in high quality water reclamation and reuse. With a focus on the removal of bulk and trace organic compounds the investigation identified three promising process combinations, namely powdered activated carbon followed by nanofiltration (PAC/NF), granular activated carbon followed by nanofiltration (GAC/NF) and nanofiltration followed by granular activated carbon (NF/GAC). The removal potential was examined in lab and pilot scale for a range of refractory pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals typically detected in effluent in trace concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. Fluorescence excitation emission spectroscopy was employed for the investigation of the fate of effluent organic matter. The optimum strategies for operation of the hybrid processes were determined in pilot scale. The experiments were conducted at the Wastewater Treatment Plant Aachen Soers providing an effluent of high quality with low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of about 5 mg/L.
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Wastewater, also written as waste water, is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. Wastewater can originate from a combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff or storm water, and from sewer inflow or infiltration. Municipal wastewater (also called sewage) is usually conveyed in a combined sewer or sanitary sewer, and treated at a wastewater treatment plant. Treated wastewater is discharged into receiving water via an effluent pipe. Wastewaters generated in areas without access to centralized sewer systems rely on on-site wastewater systems. These typically comprise a septic tank, drain field, and optionally an on-site treatment unit. The management of wastewater belongs to the overarching term sanitation, just like the management of human excreta, solid waste and storm water (drainage). Industrial wastewater is defined as any wastewater generated from any manufacturing,
processing, institutional, commercial, or agricultural operation, or any operation that discharges other
than domestic or sanitary wastewater.
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Wastewater, also written as waste water, is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. Wastewater can originate from a combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff or storm water, and from sewer inflow or infiltration. Municipal wastewater (also called sewage) is usually conveyed in a combined sewer or sanitary sewer, and treated at a wastewater treatment plant. Treated wastewater is discharged into receiving water via an effluent pipe. Wastewaters generated in areas without access to centralized sewer systems rely on on-site wastewater systems. These typically comprise a septic tank, drain field, and optionally an on-site treatment unit. The management of wastewater belongs to the overarching term sanitation, just like the management of human excreta, solid waste and storm water (drainage). Industrial wastewater is defined as any wastewater generated from any manufacturing,
processing, institutional, commercial, or agricultural operation, or any operation that discharges other
than domestic or sanitary wastewater.
Discharge quality from municipal wastewater treatment plants and the Sludge Biotic Index for activated sludge: integrative assessment
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are scrutinized by Environmental Authorities particularly regarding the compliance to discharge limit values fixed by national and local regulations. An integrated approach is necessary to achieve the objectives established with Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) considering the ecological status of the receiving water body and the quality of the discharge. Specifically, documentary, technical, management and analytical controls should be developed. Moreover, integrative information on the behaviour of the activated sludge in the aeration tank can be useful for plant managers as well as for the regulating Authorities. The study presents the experience concerning WWTP regulation considering the analytic assessment of the discharge as well the monitoring of the Sludge Biotic Index (SBI) for activated sludge. Data from monitoring during the period 2008–14 on SBI values and chemical and microbiological data on the discharges of a sample of 35 WWTPs in the province of Venice (north-east Italy, Veneto region) are presented and discussed. Together with chemical and microbiological analysis, the SBI appears to be a highly useful index for the integrative assessment of plant functionality, in particular when monitoring and identifying critical situations that can determine the exceedance of discharge limit values. The SBI method, in an integrated control approach, can be used for small and medium sized WWTPs that only treat domestic wastewaters. In a case by case assessment this may even substitute part of the analytical monitoring carried out in the WWTPs' control process.
Discharge quality from municipal wastewater treatment plants and the Sludge Biotic Index for activated sludge: integrative assessment
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are scrutinized by Environmental Authorities particularly regarding the compliance to discharge limit values fixed by national and local regulations. An integrated approach is necessary to achieve the objectives established with Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) considering the ecological status of the receiving water body and the quality of the discharge. Specifically, documentary, technical, management and analytical controls should be developed. Moreover, integrative information on the behaviour of the activated sludge in the aeration tank can be useful for plant managers as well as for the regulating Authorities. The study presents the experience concerning WWTP regulation considering the analytic assessment of the discharge as well the monitoring of the Sludge Biotic Index (SBI) for activated sludge. Data from monitoring during the period 2008–14 on SBI values and chemical and microbiological data on the discharges of a sample of 35 WWTPs in the province of Venice (north-east Italy, Veneto region) are presented and discussed. Together with chemical and microbiological analysis, the SBI appears to be a highly useful index for the integrative assessment of plant functionality, in particular when monitoring and identifying critical situations that can determine the exceedance of discharge limit values. The SBI method, in an integrated control approach, can be used for small and medium sized WWTPs that only treat domestic wastewaters. In a case by case assessment this may even substitute part of the analytical monitoring carried out in the WWTPs' control process.
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