Wastewater Treatment
Innovative Process for Granulation of Continuous Flow Conventional Activated Sludge
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Wastewater Treatment
The objective of this presentation is to:
• Introduce Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS), including mechanisms for formation and benefits
• Present performance data for a Nereda® SBR pilot
• AECOM’s continuous-flow granular sludge process for BNR infra-stretching or footprint reductions
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The control of environmental pollution and also the treatment of polluted water are of great concern. Within the past decade, electrochemical coagulation process has emerged as most effective wastewater treatment process as compared to conventional techniques of treating wastewater. Electrocoagulation is robust, cost effective, reliable, low sludge generating process, it has automation amenability and it has high pollutant removal efficiency. The aim of the review is to explain the basics and up to date advancement of electrocoagulation method for the improvements in the pollutant removal efficiency.
A Review of Electrocoagulation Process for Wastewater Treatment
The control of environmental pollution and also the treatment of polluted water are of great concern. Within the past decade, electrochemical coagulation process has emerged as most effective wastewater treatment process as compared to conventional techniques of treating wastewater. Electrocoagulation is robust, cost effective, reliable, low sludge generating process, it has automation amenability and it has high pollutant removal efficiency. The aim of the review is to explain the basics and up to date advancement of electrocoagulation method for the improvements in the pollutant removal efficiency.
Module 8: Overview of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes
• Identify the source and general types of wastewater odors.
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• List three factors affecting the existence of odors.
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Module 8: Overview of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes
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Advanced Wastewater Treatment By Nanofiltration And Activated Carbon For High Quality Water Reuse
Hybrid processes combining activated carbon and nanofiltration have been studied to identify the optimum solution for advanced wastewater treatment in high quality water reclamation and reuse. With a focus on the removal of bulk and trace organic compounds the investigation identified three promising process combinations, namely powdered activated carbon followed by nanofiltration (PAC/NF), granular activated carbon followed by nanofiltration (GAC/NF) and nanofiltration followed by granular activated carbon (NF/GAC). The removal potential was examined in lab and pilot scale for a range of refractory pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals typically detected in effluent in trace concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. Fluorescence excitation emission spectroscopy was employed for the investigation of the fate of effluent organic matter. The optimum strategies for operation of the hybrid processes were determined in pilot scale. The experiments were conducted at the Wastewater Treatment Plant Aachen Soers providing an effluent of high quality with low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of about 5 mg/L.
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Hybrid processes combining activated carbon and nanofiltration have been studied to identify the optimum solution for advanced wastewater treatment in high quality water reclamation and reuse. With a focus on the removal of bulk and trace organic compounds the investigation identified three promising process combinations, namely powdered activated carbon followed by nanofiltration (PAC/NF), granular activated carbon followed by nanofiltration (GAC/NF) and nanofiltration followed by granular activated carbon (NF/GAC). The removal potential was examined in lab and pilot scale for a range of refractory pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals typically detected in effluent in trace concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. Fluorescence excitation emission spectroscopy was employed for the investigation of the fate of effluent organic matter. The optimum strategies for operation of the hybrid processes were determined in pilot scale. The experiments were conducted at the Wastewater Treatment Plant Aachen Soers providing an effluent of high quality with low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of about 5 mg/L.
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The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) aims to ensure the availability and management of water and sanitation for all, including an end to open defecation, by 2030.1 Lack of access to clean water and proper sanitation affect all aspects of human life across the globe, having the largest negative effects on least developed countries and marginalized communities. About 36% of the global population live in water-scarce regions, with more
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or social objectives.3 In order to fulfill the objectives of the SDG 6, the High Level Panel on Water called for a “fundamental shift in the way the world looks at and manages water”, noting that a 40% shortfall in water availability by 2030 could be expected if no action is taken.4 An urgent need to develop innovative approaches to solve global water scarcity and quality issues has arisen, as traditional financing solutions and technologies have proven to be insufficient in addressing these challenges.
Use of 4IR Technologies in Water and Sanitation in Latin America and the Caribbean
The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) aims to ensure the availability and management of water and sanitation for all, including an end to open defecation, by 2030.1 Lack of access to clean water and proper sanitation affect all aspects of human life across the globe, having the largest negative effects on least developed countries and marginalized communities. About 36% of the global population live in water-scarce regions, with more
than two billion people having no other choice but to consume contaminated water. Water pollution is the greatest culprit in ecosystem destruction, leading to biodiversity loss with often irreversible consequences. Water scarcity is expected to displace 700 million people by 2030, while desertification will put the livelihood of one billion people living in 100 countries across the world at risk by 2050.2 Despite these risks, our society has very few incentives to consume less water, maintain water quality, or allocate funding and resources to ecosystems
or social objectives.3 In order to fulfill the objectives of the SDG 6, the High Level Panel on Water called for a “fundamental shift in the way the world looks at and manages water”, noting that a 40% shortfall in water availability by 2030 could be expected if no action is taken.4 An urgent need to develop innovative approaches to solve global water scarcity and quality issues has arisen, as traditional financing solutions and technologies have proven to be insufficient in addressing these challenges.
Chemical Cleaning Of Ultrafiltration Membrane After Treatment Of Oily Wastewater
Abstract:
Oily wastewaters and Oil–in-water emulsions are two of the major pollutants of the environment. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes play an important role in the treatment and reuse of oily wastewaters. Fouling of UF membranes is typically caused by inorganic and organic materials present in wastewaters that adhere to the surface and pores of the membrane and result in the deterioration of performance with a consequent increase in energy costs and membrane replacement. In the experiments, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and outlet wastewater of the API (American Petroleum Institute) separator unit of Tehran refinery as membrane and feed were used, respectively. Fouling and cleaning experiments were performed with oily wastewater and selected cleaning agents using a laboratory scale cross flow test unit. The results showed that metal chelating agent (ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid disodium salt-2-hydrate (EDTA)) and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) were able to Clean the fouled UF membrane effectively by optimizing chemical (pH) and physical
(cleaning time, cross flow velocity (CFV) and temperature) conditions during cleaning. Flux recovery and resistance removal were found to improve with increasing CFV, temperature, pH, cleaning time and concentration of the cleaning chemicals. In this paper, the cleaning mechanism is also investigated.
Chemical Cleaning Of Ultrafiltration Membrane After Treatment Of Oily Wastewater
Abstract:
Oily wastewaters and Oil–in-water emulsions are two of the major pollutants of the environment. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes play an important role in the treatment and reuse of oily wastewaters. Fouling of UF membranes is typically caused by inorganic and organic materials present in wastewaters that adhere to the surface and pores of the membrane and result in the deterioration of performance with a consequent increase in energy costs and membrane replacement. In the experiments, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and outlet wastewater of the API (American Petroleum Institute) separator unit of Tehran refinery as membrane and feed were used, respectively. Fouling and cleaning experiments were performed with oily wastewater and selected cleaning agents using a laboratory scale cross flow test unit. The results showed that metal chelating agent (ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid disodium salt-2-hydrate (EDTA)) and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) were able to Clean the fouled UF membrane effectively by optimizing chemical (pH) and physical
(cleaning time, cross flow velocity (CFV) and temperature) conditions during cleaning. Flux recovery and resistance removal were found to improve with increasing CFV, temperature, pH, cleaning time and concentration of the cleaning chemicals. In this paper, the cleaning mechanism is also investigated.
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Conventional wastewater treatment technologies improve the quality of wastewater discharged into the environment and restrain polluted waters from contaminating other available clean water resources. However, these treatment technologies do not make wastewater fit for further beneficial uses in communities closer to the points of generation. Innovative and advanced technologies that can further improve the quality of wastewater are needed to overcome this limitation of conventional technologies, and to promote widespread adoption of recycle and reuse practices. Advanced treatment processes can be biological processes, physicochemical processes, or a combination of both (hybrid processes). Biological processes to remove nutrient pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, provide the platform for further wastewater treatment to reusable quality. Physicochemical processes such as deep-bed filtration, floating media filtration, and membrane filtration, play a major role among treatment technologies for water reuse. Membrane filtration has significant advantages over other processes since they produce high quality effluent that requires little or no disinfection with minimum sludge generation. The hybrid processes attempt to obtain the benefits of both biological and physicochemical processes in one step.
Advanced Treatment Technologies For Recycle/Reuse Of Domestic Wastewater
Conventional wastewater treatment technologies improve the quality of wastewater discharged into the environment and restrain polluted waters from contaminating other available clean water resources. However, these treatment technologies do not make wastewater fit for further beneficial uses in communities closer to the points of generation. Innovative and advanced technologies that can further improve the quality of wastewater are needed to overcome this limitation of conventional technologies, and to promote widespread adoption of recycle and reuse practices. Advanced treatment processes can be biological processes, physicochemical processes, or a combination of both (hybrid processes). Biological processes to remove nutrient pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, provide the platform for further wastewater treatment to reusable quality. Physicochemical processes such as deep-bed filtration, floating media filtration, and membrane filtration, play a major role among treatment technologies for water reuse. Membrane filtration has significant advantages over other processes since they produce high quality effluent that requires little or no disinfection with minimum sludge generation. The hybrid processes attempt to obtain the benefits of both biological and physicochemical processes in one step.
A Simple Guide To The Chemistry, Selection And Use Of Chemicals For Water And Wastewater Treatment
Introduction
Every year in South Africa an estimated R500m is spent on chemicals used in the treatment of drinking and waste water. Most of this money is allocated on the basis of tenders issued and contracts awarded. The evaluation of tenders is generally undertaken by a team of people from various disciplines within the awarding organization and the decisions they make can have a significant effect on the quality of water or waste that is produced and also on the finances of the organization for which they work. It is obvious therefore that these decisions – which chemicals to use, how much to use, how much should be paid, who is the most professional supplier – are important ones and ones that should be taken whilst in possession of the most factual and impartial information. This guide aims to provide those decision-makers, and other users of water treatment chemicals, with specific and useful information about water treatment chemicals. It is a chemistry text book aimed specifically at those people who have to make informed decisions but who have not had a formal education in chemistry or whose chemistry education has not been specific in detail relevant to water treatment chemicals. It does not, however, aim to be a comprehensive chemistry textbook and chemicals not used in water treatment are not discussed; nor are properties that are irrelevant to the water treatment application of the chemical. The guide is designed to serve as a reference book with each chapter being self contained and specific. It will be easily understood by those readers that do not have a formal chemistry education and hopefully will provide some useful additional insight and information to those that The guide is divided into ten chapters and includes an appendix at the end that contains various useful equations. The contents of each chapter are listed below.
A Simple Guide To The Chemistry, Selection And Use Of Chemicals For Water And Wastewater Treatment
Introduction
Every year in South Africa an estimated R500m is spent on chemicals used in the treatment of drinking and waste water. Most of this money is allocated on the basis of tenders issued and contracts awarded. The evaluation of tenders is generally undertaken by a team of people from various disciplines within the awarding organization and the decisions they make can have a significant effect on the quality of water or waste that is produced and also on the finances of the organization for which they work. It is obvious therefore that these decisions – which chemicals to use, how much to use, how much should be paid, who is the most professional supplier – are important ones and ones that should be taken whilst in possession of the most factual and impartial information. This guide aims to provide those decision-makers, and other users of water treatment chemicals, with specific and useful information about water treatment chemicals. It is a chemistry text book aimed specifically at those people who have to make informed decisions but who have not had a formal education in chemistry or whose chemistry education has not been specific in detail relevant to water treatment chemicals. It does not, however, aim to be a comprehensive chemistry textbook and chemicals not used in water treatment are not discussed; nor are properties that are irrelevant to the water treatment application of the chemical. The guide is designed to serve as a reference book with each chapter being self contained and specific. It will be easily understood by those readers that do not have a formal chemistry education and hopefully will provide some useful additional insight and information to those that The guide is divided into ten chapters and includes an appendix at the end that contains various useful equations. The contents of each chapter are listed below.
Lesson D1 Guidelines and Standards for Wastewater Reuse
Due to water shortage, wastewater reuse has gained great importance in many parts of the world. Wastewater reuse practices have become valuable source in water resources management. As an independent source of water, reclaimed water can increase the reliability of water supply. Reclaimed wastewater requires effective measures to protect public health and the environment. Strong wastewater reuse guidelines and regulations are developed for the purpose. It is difficult to establish wastewater guidelines and regulations that can suit all regions in the world. Among the broad reasons for this as limiting factors, are economics of countries relating chosen treatment technologies and additionally, the local context of a region must be taken into consideration in settings. Almost all wastewater reuse guidelines and regulations are bacteriological-based. Some of them consider biochemical parameters. In this lesson you will comprehend the importance as well as the necessity of setting wastewater reuse guidelines and regulations. You will be aware of arising problems
for getting universal valid standards. You will get an overview of guidelines and regulations existing worldwide and regionally.
Lesson D1 Guidelines and Standards for Wastewater Reuse
Due to water shortage, wastewater reuse has gained great importance in many parts of the world. Wastewater reuse practices have become valuable source in water resources management. As an independent source of water, reclaimed water can increase the reliability of water supply. Reclaimed wastewater requires effective measures to protect public health and the environment. Strong wastewater reuse guidelines and regulations are developed for the purpose. It is difficult to establish wastewater guidelines and regulations that can suit all regions in the world. Among the broad reasons for this as limiting factors, are economics of countries relating chosen treatment technologies and additionally, the local context of a region must be taken into consideration in settings. Almost all wastewater reuse guidelines and regulations are bacteriological-based. Some of them consider biochemical parameters. In this lesson you will comprehend the importance as well as the necessity of setting wastewater reuse guidelines and regulations. You will be aware of arising problems
for getting universal valid standards. You will get an overview of guidelines and regulations existing worldwide and regionally.
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Wastewater, also written as waste water, is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. Wastewater can originate from a combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff or storm water, and from sewer inflow or infiltration. Municipal wastewater (also called sewage) is usually conveyed in a combined sewer or sanitary sewer, and treated at a wastewater treatment plant. Treated wastewater is discharged into receiving water via an effluent pipe. Wastewaters generated in areas without access to centralized sewer systems rely on on-site wastewater systems. These typically comprise a septic tank, drain field, and optionally an on-site treatment unit. The management of wastewater belongs to the overarching term sanitation, just like the management of human excreta, solid waste and storm water (drainage). Industrial wastewater is defined as any wastewater generated from any manufacturing,
processing, institutional, commercial, or agricultural operation, or any operation that discharges other
than domestic or sanitary wastewater.
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Wastewater, also written as waste water, is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. Wastewater can originate from a combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff or storm water, and from sewer inflow or infiltration. Municipal wastewater (also called sewage) is usually conveyed in a combined sewer or sanitary sewer, and treated at a wastewater treatment plant. Treated wastewater is discharged into receiving water via an effluent pipe. Wastewaters generated in areas without access to centralized sewer systems rely on on-site wastewater systems. These typically comprise a septic tank, drain field, and optionally an on-site treatment unit. The management of wastewater belongs to the overarching term sanitation, just like the management of human excreta, solid waste and storm water (drainage). Industrial wastewater is defined as any wastewater generated from any manufacturing,
processing, institutional, commercial, or agricultural operation, or any operation that discharges other
than domestic or sanitary wastewater.
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