Innovative and Sustainable Methodologies for Smart Water Network Management
‘Smart, innovative, and sustainable’. These are the crucial – we would say inescapable – requirements of any new method and procedure for managing natural, social, and economic resources currently being debated and then accepted as possible best practice. Further, when dealing with drinking water and pipe systems, leakage reduction and control are mandatory in any management plan also because of the need to save energy and water. The opportunities for researchers and water utility technicians at international conferences to contribute new methods and devices as tools for improving the performance of pipe systems are very welcome. Furthermore, the number of journals in which innovative approaches and techniques can be presented and the number of exhibitions showing technologies for treatment and drinking water distribution are currently increasing throughout the world.
Innovative and Sustainable Methodologies for Smart Water Network Management
‘Smart, innovative, and sustainable’. These are the crucial – we would say inescapable – requirements of any new method and procedure for managing natural, social, and economic resources currently being debated and then accepted as possible best practice. Further, when dealing with drinking water and pipe systems, leakage reduction and control are mandatory in any management plan also because of the need to save energy and water. The opportunities for researchers and water utility technicians at international conferences to contribute new methods and devices as tools for improving the performance of pipe systems are very welcome. Furthermore, the number of journals in which innovative approaches and techniques can be presented and the number of exhibitions showing technologies for treatment and drinking water distribution are currently increasing throughout the world.
Instrumentation & Process Control Automation Guidebook, Part 3
INTRODUCTION:
Instrumentation is the science of automated measurement and control, or can be defined as the science that applies and develops techniques for measuring and controls of equipment and industrial processes. Process control has a broad concept and may be applied to any automated systems such as, a complex robot or to a common process control system as a pneumatic valve controlling the flow of water, oil or steam in a pipe.
Instrumentation & Process Control Automation Guidebook, Part 3
INTRODUCTION:
Instrumentation is the science of automated measurement and control, or can be defined as the science that applies and develops techniques for measuring and controls of equipment and industrial processes. Process control has a broad concept and may be applied to any automated systems such as, a complex robot or to a common process control system as a pneumatic valve controlling the flow of water, oil or steam in a pipe.
How Important Will Hydrogen be in the Energy System of the Future?
Background
The idea that hydrogen could be an important future energy carrier has been around for some time. Hydrogen has been discussed as an environmentally-friendly alternative to fossil fuels ever since the 1970s oil crisis, and has also featured in the peak oil and climate change debates. But hydrogen was never widely adopted, mainly because oil and gas were too cheap and readily available and the climate policy incentives weren’t strong enough. Now, however, things have changed. Germany and the EU have committed to achieving net zero by 2045 and 2050 respectively. This means that industry and the energy and transport sectors must quickly find alternatives to fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas). Renewable electricity has a key role to play, not least because its cost has fallen by between 60 and 90
percent over the last decade [4]1. However, direct electrification of certain processes is either technologically complex or extremely expensive, if not impossible. In these cases, fossil fuels can be replaced by using hydrogen made with renewable electricity either as an energy carrier or an energy storage medium. Moreover, hydrogen is and will continue to be needed as a feedstock and additive in refineries, the chemical industry, etc.
How Important Will Hydrogen be in the Energy System of the Future?
Background
The idea that hydrogen could be an important future energy carrier has been around for some time. Hydrogen has been discussed as an environmentally-friendly alternative to fossil fuels ever since the 1970s oil crisis, and has also featured in the peak oil and climate change debates. But hydrogen was never widely adopted, mainly because oil and gas were too cheap and readily available and the climate policy incentives weren’t strong enough. Now, however, things have changed. Germany and the EU have committed to achieving net zero by 2045 and 2050 respectively. This means that industry and the energy and transport sectors must quickly find alternatives to fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas). Renewable electricity has a key role to play, not least because its cost has fallen by between 60 and 90
percent over the last decade [4]1. However, direct electrification of certain processes is either technologically complex or extremely expensive, if not impossible. In these cases, fossil fuels can be replaced by using hydrogen made with renewable electricity either as an energy carrier or an energy storage medium. Moreover, hydrogen is and will continue to be needed as a feedstock and additive in refineries, the chemical industry, etc.
The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics
Introduction
The future of energy has moved to centre stage in the political and economic debate at the national and international levels. Prompted by concerns for global warming, we have entered a phase of policy rather than solely market-driven
energy transitions, which have turned energy from a mostly technological and occasionally geopolitical issue into a vital subject of economic policy and area of conflict between opposing interest groups. This book has the ambition to
become a reference for readers who wish to be active in the debate and need basic understanding of the economics of energy in its international setting. Presenting a comprehensive overview of the issue, this book aims to be accessible
to a wide readership of both academics and professionals working in the energy industry, as well as to graduate students and to general readers interested in the complexities of the economics of international energy.
The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics
Introduction
The future of energy has moved to centre stage in the political and economic debate at the national and international levels. Prompted by concerns for global warming, we have entered a phase of policy rather than solely market-driven
energy transitions, which have turned energy from a mostly technological and occasionally geopolitical issue into a vital subject of economic policy and area of conflict between opposing interest groups. This book has the ambition to
become a reference for readers who wish to be active in the debate and need basic understanding of the economics of energy in its international setting. Presenting a comprehensive overview of the issue, this book aims to be accessible
to a wide readership of both academics and professionals working in the energy industry, as well as to graduate students and to general readers interested in the complexities of the economics of international energy.
Hydrogen Production from Thermal Electricity Constraint Management (National Grid ESO & National Gas Transmission)
As the electricity system has decarbonised over the last decade, large-scale renewables have connected onto the electricity transmission network and significant further renewables are expected to connect, to achieve a net zero
electricity system by 2035. A substantial amount of renewable generation is expected to come online in the north of the UK whereas the bulk of energy demand is likely to continue to be in the South. The electricity transmission network needs to be substantially reinforced to enable these power flows, with delivery taking at least 5-10 years for
large transmission infrastructure upgrades given consenting and construction timeframes.
Hydrogen Production from Thermal Electricity Constraint Management (National Grid ESO & National Gas Transmission)
As the electricity system has decarbonised over the last decade, large-scale renewables have connected onto the electricity transmission network and significant further renewables are expected to connect, to achieve a net zero
electricity system by 2035. A substantial amount of renewable generation is expected to come online in the north of the UK whereas the bulk of energy demand is likely to continue to be in the South. The electricity transmission network needs to be substantially reinforced to enable these power flows, with delivery taking at least 5-10 years for
large transmission infrastructure upgrades given consenting and construction timeframes.
Guide to Purchasing Green Power
Summary
Today, the diverse array of energy resources used to create electricity can produce very different environmental
impacts. In the United States, power generation is still the nation’s single largest source of industrial air pollution and is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, despite advances in pollution controls over the last 30 years1. Electricity generated from renewable resources such as solar, wind, geothermal, some forms of hydropower, and biomass has proven to be an increasingly attractive choice for electricity consumers. This Guide to Purchasing Green Power focuses on voluntary purchases of electricity generated from these renewable resources. It is intended for businesses and other organizations that want to diversify their electricity supply and reduce the environmental
impact of their electricity use. Although renewable resources can also be used for heating and cooling needs or for
transportation, this guide does not address those applications.
Guide to Purchasing Green Power
Summary
Today, the diverse array of energy resources used to create electricity can produce very different environmental
impacts. In the United States, power generation is still the nation’s single largest source of industrial air pollution and is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, despite advances in pollution controls over the last 30 years1. Electricity generated from renewable resources such as solar, wind, geothermal, some forms of hydropower, and biomass has proven to be an increasingly attractive choice for electricity consumers. This Guide to Purchasing Green Power focuses on voluntary purchases of electricity generated from these renewable resources. It is intended for businesses and other organizations that want to diversify their electricity supply and reduce the environmental
impact of their electricity use. Although renewable resources can also be used for heating and cooling needs or for
transportation, this guide does not address those applications.