Variable Renewable Energy Grid Integration Studies: a Guidebook for Practitioners
Countries around the world are establishing ambitious goals to scale up the contribution of renewable energy (RE) toward meeting national energy demand. Because RE resources such as wind and solar generally increase variability and uncertainty associated with power system operations, reaching high penetrations of these resources on the grid requires an evolution in power system planning and operation. To plan for this evolution, power system stakeholders can undertake a grid integration study. A grid integration study is a comprehensive examination of the challenges and potential solutions associated with integrating significant variable RE generation in the electricity grid.
Variable Renewable Energy Grid Integration Studies: a Guidebook for Practitioners
Countries around the world are establishing ambitious goals to scale up the contribution of renewable energy (RE) toward meeting national energy demand. Because RE resources such as wind and solar generally increase variability and uncertainty associated with power system operations, reaching high penetrations of these resources on the grid requires an evolution in power system planning and operation. To plan for this evolution, power system stakeholders can undertake a grid integration study. A grid integration study is a comprehensive examination of the challenges and potential solutions associated with integrating significant variable RE generation in the electricity grid.
Green Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis
As a Head of New Energy Division, Shanghai Electric Group Co., Ltd, I am very pleased to write the foreword to this book. Our company, Shanghai Electric Group, is a world‑class high‑end equipment manufacturer, focusing on smart energy, intelligent manufacturing, and smart infrastructure to provide green and intelligent industrial‑grade system solutions. We have a global presence in industries such as new energy, efficient clean energy, industrial automation, medical devices, and environmental protection. With our strong R&D and manufacturing capabilities, brand influence, and broad experience in projects, Shanghai Electric Group upholds the values of open and mutually beneficial collaboration, advocates smart energy and intelligent manufacturing, promotes the development of smart industry and industrialization of service, and supports the growth of the “Energy Internet” and “Industrial Internet.” By facilitating industrial transformation through technological advancement, we promote sustainable human and social progress.
Green Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis
As a Head of New Energy Division, Shanghai Electric Group Co., Ltd, I am very pleased to write the foreword to this book. Our company, Shanghai Electric Group, is a world‑class high‑end equipment manufacturer, focusing on smart energy, intelligent manufacturing, and smart infrastructure to provide green and intelligent industrial‑grade system solutions. We have a global presence in industries such as new energy, efficient clean energy, industrial automation, medical devices, and environmental protection. With our strong R&D and manufacturing capabilities, brand influence, and broad experience in projects, Shanghai Electric Group upholds the values of open and mutually beneficial collaboration, advocates smart energy and intelligent manufacturing, promotes the development of smart industry and industrialization of service, and supports the growth of the “Energy Internet” and “Industrial Internet.” By facilitating industrial transformation through technological advancement, we promote sustainable human and social progress.
Green Steel Economics (Comparing Economics of Green H2-DRI and Traditional Steelmaking Around the World)
Executive Summary
The global steel industry accounted for over 7% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and over 11% of global CO2 emissions. The urgency to align with the Paris Climate Agreement’s targets necessitates substantial CO2 reductions in this sector by 2050, with considerable near-term actions. The Hydrogen Direct Reduced Iron (H2-DRI) process utilizing green hydrogen made with renewable/no-carbon electricity promises significant emission reductions and a transition to greener steel production in the sector. The adoption of green H2-DRI-EAF steelmaking involves financial considerations varying by country, influenced by hydrogen costs and carbon pricing mechanisms. The study assesses the costs of green H2-DRI-EAF steelmaking compared to traditional Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF-BOF) and Natural Gas Direct Reduced Iron-Electric Arc Furnace (NG-DRI-EAF) routes across seven major steel-producing countries, including the U.S., EU, China, Japan, South Korea, Brazil, and Australia. It utilizes a detailed financial model to calculate the levelized cost of steel (LCOS) using expenses such as capital investments,
raw materials, labor, and energy costs, adjusting for varying levels of hydrogen use. The key questions answered by this report are: 1) How much is the green steel premium per ton of steel in each country?
2) How much is the green steel premium per unit of final product (car, building, ship) in each country?
3) How different H2 prices and carbon pricing can influence the green steel premium in each country?
Green Steel Economics (Comparing Economics of Green H2-DRI and Traditional Steelmaking Around the World)
Executive Summary
The global steel industry accounted for over 7% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and over 11% of global CO2 emissions. The urgency to align with the Paris Climate Agreement’s targets necessitates substantial CO2 reductions in this sector by 2050, with considerable near-term actions. The Hydrogen Direct Reduced Iron (H2-DRI) process utilizing green hydrogen made with renewable/no-carbon electricity promises significant emission reductions and a transition to greener steel production in the sector. The adoption of green H2-DRI-EAF steelmaking involves financial considerations varying by country, influenced by hydrogen costs and carbon pricing mechanisms. The study assesses the costs of green H2-DRI-EAF steelmaking compared to traditional Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF-BOF) and Natural Gas Direct Reduced Iron-Electric Arc Furnace (NG-DRI-EAF) routes across seven major steel-producing countries, including the U.S., EU, China, Japan, South Korea, Brazil, and Australia. It utilizes a detailed financial model to calculate the levelized cost of steel (LCOS) using expenses such as capital investments,
raw materials, labor, and energy costs, adjusting for varying levels of hydrogen use. The key questions answered by this report are: 1) How much is the green steel premium per ton of steel in each country?
2) How much is the green steel premium per unit of final product (car, building, ship) in each country?
3) How different H2 prices and carbon pricing can influence the green steel premium in each country?
