Environmental Engineering
Trace Elements in Anaerobic Biotechnologies
The use of trace elements to promote biogas production features prominently on the agenda for many biogas-producing companies. However, the application of the technique is often characterized by trial-and-error methodology due to the ambiguous and scarce basic knowledge on the impact of trace elements in anaerobic biotechnologies under different process conditions. This book describes and defines the broad landscape in the research area of trace elements in anaerobic biotechnologies, from the level of advanced chemistry and single microbial cells, through to engineering and bioreactor technology and to the fate of trace elements in the environment.
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Climate Variability and Change in the 21st Century.
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Theory and Practice of Tunnel Engineering
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system ranges between 30 and 50 percent of the total project cost, and can sometimes
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obtained from large projects indicate that costs can be reduced by increasing the
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of a support system or systems suitable for rock mass conditions encountered during
construction processes plays an important role in reducing project costs. Methods
based on rock-support interaction introduce rational solutions for economical and
safe tunneling because they provide a good combination of design and construction
processes.
Theory and Practice of Tunnel Engineering
Tunnel construction is expensive when compared to the construction of other
engineering structures. Detailed surveys indicate that the cost of a tunnel support
system ranges between 30 and 50 percent of the total project cost, and can sometimes
reach upwards of 70 percent. Currently, theoretical studies and experiences
obtained from large projects indicate that costs can be reduced by increasing the
efficiency of rock load estimation and support design. In other words, the selection
of a support system or systems suitable for rock mass conditions encountered during
construction processes plays an important role in reducing project costs. Methods
based on rock-support interaction introduce rational solutions for economical and
safe tunneling because they provide a good combination of design and construction
processes.
Impacts of Anthropogenic Activities on Watersheds in a Changing Climate
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Introduction:
Sustainable water and wastewater services are critical to providing the American public with clean and safe water and helping ensure the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of the communities that utilities serve. Utilities across the country face tremendous challenges, such as aging infrastructure, an aging workforce, increasing mandates, and competing priorities within the communities they serve.
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Introduction:
Sustainable water and wastewater services are critical to providing the American public with clean and safe water and helping ensure the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of the communities that utilities serve. Utilities across the country face tremendous challenges, such as aging infrastructure, an aging workforce, increasing mandates, and competing priorities within the communities they serve.
The purpose of this document is to assist utility leaders with implementing proven and effective practices over time to improve their operations and move toward sustainability, at a pace consistent with their needs and the needs of their communities. It provides utility leaders with a cohesive structure to help them address various challenges proactively and with confidence. The practices described in this document reflect the lessons learned and the practical experience utilities have derived as they have improved their operations. A utility can use this document to identify specific opportunities for improvement and draw on the example practices to create an individualized “roadmap” to more sustainable operations.
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